Cram Pack Page 1

Question 1

Structuralism approach

Answer 1

Used Introspection (act of looking inward to examine mental experience) to determine the underlying structures of the mind

Question 2

Functionalism approach

Answer 2

need to analyze the purpose of behavior

Question 3

Psychoanalytic/dynamic Approach

Answer 3

unconscious, childhood

Question 4

Behavioral Approach

Answer 4

learned, reinforced

Question 5

Humanistic Approach

Answer 5

free will, choice, ideal, actualization

Question 6

Cognitive Approach

Answer 6

Perceptions, thoughts

Question 7

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

Biological Approach

Answer 8

Brain, NTs (neuro typical)

Question 9

Sociocultural Approach

Answer 9

Society

Question 10

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 10

Biological, psychological, and social reasons

Question 11

Mary Calkins

Answer 11

First female president of APA (American Psychological Association)

Question 12

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 12

first female PhD

Question 13

Charles Darwin

Answer 13

Natural selection and evolution

Question 14

Dorothea Dix

Answer 14

Reformed mental institutions in US

Question 15

Stanley Hall

Answer 15

first president of APA (American Psychological Association) journal

Question 16

William James

Answer 16

Father of American psychology - functionalist

Question 17

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 17

Father of Modern psychology - structuralist

Question 18

Basic research

Answer 18

purpose is to increase knowledge (rats)

Question 19

Applied research

Answer 19

purpose is to help people

Question 20

psychologist

Answer 20

research or counseling

Question 21

psychiatrist

Answer 21

prescribe medications and diagnose

Question 22

Independent variable

Answer 22

purposefully ALTERED by researcher to look for effect

Question 23

Experimental group

Answer 23

received the treatment

Question 24

control group

Answer 24

placebo, baseline

Question 25

Dependent variable

Answer 25

measured variable (is Dependent on the independent variable)

Question 26

Operational Definition

Answer 26

clear, precise, typically quantifiable definition of our variables - allows for replication - Research Recipe

Question 27

Confound

Answer 27

error/ flaw in study

Question 28

Representative sample

Answer 28

a sample mimics the general population

Question 29

positive correlation

Answer 29

variables increase and decrease together

Question 30

Negative correlation

Answer 30

as one variable increases the other decreases

Question 31

Illusory correlation

Answer 31

belief of correlation that doesn't exist (old man predicts rain from arthritis)

Question 32

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 32

advantage: real world validity disadvantage: not cause and effect - cannot generalize results

Question 33

Case study

Answer 33

advantage: studies one person in great detail, lots of info disadvantage: can't be generalized

Question 34

Descriptive stats

Answer 34

shape of data

Question 35

Inferantial statistics

Answer 35

establishes significance (meaningfulness)

Question 36

statistical signifance

Answer 36

results not due to chance

Question 37

Ethical guidelines (APA)

Answer 37

-confidentiality -informed consent -debriefing (told true purpose of study) -Deception must be warranted -No harm (mental/physical)

Question 38

NT

Answer 38

neurotransmitter

Question 39

AP

Answer 39

action potential

Question 40

NS

Answer 40

nervous system

Question 41

Neuron

Answer 41

Basic cell of the nervous system

Question 42

Dendrites

Answer 42

Receive incoming signal

Question 43

Soma

Answer 43

Cell body (includes nucleus)

Question 44

Axon

Answer 44

Action potential travels down this

Question 45

Myelin sheath

Answer 45

speeds up action potential down axon, protects axon, myelin sheath destroys this

Question 46

Terminals

Answer 46

release neurotransmitters - send signal into next neuron

Question 47

Vesicles

Answer 47

Sacs inside terminal contain neurotransmitter

Question 48

Synapse

Answer 48

gap between neurons