Cram Pack Page 3

Question 1

sleep walking

Answer 1

(due to fatigue, drugs, alcohol) - NOT during REM

Question 2

Night Terrors

Answer 2

extreme night mares - NOT in REM sleep - typical in children

Question 3

Narcolepsy

Answer 3

fall asleep out of nowhere (due to deficiency in orexin)

Question 4

Sleep Apnea

Answer 4

stop breathing suddenly while asleep (due to obesity usually)

Question 5

Freud’s unconscious wish

Answer 5

Fulfillment: Dreaming is gratification of unconscious wants and needs

Question 6

Latent Content

Answer 6

hidden meaning

Question 7

Manifest Content

Answer 7

Obvious storyline

Question 8

Activation Synthesis

Answer 8

Brain produces random bursts of energy - stimulating lodged memory’s in limbic system. dreams start random then develop meaning

Question 9

Depressants

Answer 9

Alcohol, Barbiturates, tranquilizers, opiates (narcotics) (decreases sympathetic NS activation, highly addictive)

Question 10

Stimulants

Answer 10

Amphetamines, Cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), Caffeine, Nicotine (increase sympathetic NS activation, highly addictive)

Question 11

Hallucinogens

Answer 11

LSD, Marijuana (causes hallucinations, less addictive)

Question 12

Tolerance

Answer 12

Needing more of a drug to achieve the same effects

Question 13

Dependence

Answer 13

Become addicted to the drug - must have it to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 14

Withdrawal

Answer 14

Psychological and physiological symptoms associated with sudden stoppage. Unpleasant - can kill you.

Question 15

Absolute Threshold

Answer 15

the smallest level of a stimulus that a person is able to detect 50% of the time

Question 16

Difference threshold

Answer 16

Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum proportion (just noticeable difference)

Question 17

signal Detection theory

Answer 17

Detection depends on experience, expectations, alertness, etc. (more likely to notice a door slam outside when waiting on the pizza guy)

Question 18

sensory adaptation

Answer 18

diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation
(sensory Habituation: same thing but regular instead of constant exposure)

Question 19

Perceptual set

Answer 19

tendency to see things as part of a group

Question 20

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 20

failure to notice something added because you’re focusing on another task

Question 21

change blindness

Answer 21

failure to notice a change in the scene

Question 22

Cocktail party effect

Answer 22

notice your name across the room when its spoken, when you aren’t previously paying attention

Question 23

Cornea

Answer 23

protects the eye, The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside

Question 24

pupil/iris

Answer 24

controls amount of light entering the eye

Question 25

lens

Answer 25

focuses light on retina

Question 26

retina

Answer 26

contains rods and cones

Question 27

fovea

Answer 27

area of vest vision (cones here)

Question 28

rods

Answer 28

black/white, dim light (help give us good vision in low light)

Question 29

cones

Answer 29

color, bright light (red, green, blue)

Question 30

bipolar cells

Answer 30

connects rods/cones and ganglion cells

Question 31

ganglion cells

Answer 31

axons gather at optic discs and become myelinated

Question 32

blind spot

Answer 32

occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Question 33

feature detectors

Answer 33

specialized cells that see motion, shapes, lines, etc. (located in occipital lobe)

Question 34

Trichromatic

Answer 34

three cones for receiving color (blue, red, green) if they are color blind they are missing a cone type

Question 35

Opponent Process

Answer 35

complementary colors are processed in ganglion cells explains why we see an AFTER IMAGE

Question 36

visual capture

Answer 36

visual system overwhelms all others (nauseous in an IMAX theater - vision trumps vestibular)

Question 37

Constancies

Answer 37

recognize that objects do not physically change despite changes in sensory input (size, shape, brightness)

Question 38

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 38

adjacent lights blink on/ off in succession - looks like movement (traffic signs with arrows)

Question 39

stroboscopic movement

Answer 39

motion produced by a rapid succession of slightly varying images (animations)

Question 40

Interposition

Answer 40

overlapping images appear closer

Question 41

relative size

Answer 41

2 objects that are usually similar in size, the smaller one is further away

Question 42

relative clarity

Answer 42

hazy objects appear further away

Question 43

texture gradient

Answer 43

coarser objects are closer

Question 44

relative height

Answer 44

things higher in our field of vision look further away

Question 45

linear perspective

Answer 45

parallel lines converge with distance (think railroad tracks)

Question 46

Motion Parallax

Answer 46

parallel lines converge with distance (think railroad tracks)

Question 47

Retinal Disparity

Answer 47

Image is cast slightly different on each retina, location of image helps us determine depth

Question 48

convergence

Answer 48

Eyes strain more (looking inward) as objects draw closer

Question 49

Top-down processing

Answer 49

whole -> smaller parts

Question 50

Bottom-up processing

Answer 50

smaller parts -> whole

Question 51

Outer ear

Answer 51

pinna (ear), auditory canal

Question 52

Middle ear

Answer 52

ear drum, HAS (bones vibrate to send a signal)

Question 53

Inner ear

Answer 53

Cochlea (sounds first processed here); basilar membrane in IN the cochlea - dancing hair cells

Question 54

Place theory

Answer 54

location where hair cell bends determines sound (high pitches) (cochlea)

Question 55

Frequency theory

Answer 55

rate at which action potentials are sent determines sound (low pitches) (cochlea)