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psychology > Cram Pack Page 2 > Flashcards

Cram Pack Page 2 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Action potential

A

movement of Na and K ions across membrane sends electrical charge down the axon

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2
Q

all or none law

A

stimulus must trigger the AP past its threshold, but does not increase the intensity of the response (flush the toilet)

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3
Q

Refractory period

A

neuron must rest and reset before it can send another AP (toilet resets)

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4
Q

sensory neurons

A

receive signals

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5
Q

motor neurons

A

send signals

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6
Q

afferent neurons

A

accept signals

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7
Q

efferent neurons

A

signal exits

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8
Q

Interneurons

A

cells in spinal cord responsible for reflex loop

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9
Q

central NS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

peripheral NS

A

Rest of the NS (Somatic NS: voluntary movement) (Automatic NS: involuntary (heart, lungs, etc.))

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11
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

arouses the body fight/flight (generally activates sympathetic to you getting eaten by tiger helps you run away)

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12
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

established homeostasis after a sympathetic response (generally inhibits)

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters (NT)

A

Chemicals released in synaptic gap, received by neurons

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14
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory NT

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15
Q

GlutamatE

A

Major Excitatory NT (get excited when seeing your mates!)

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Reward & movement (NT)

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17
Q

serotonin

A

Moods and emotion (NT)

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18
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

memory (NT)

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19
Q

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

A

sympathetic NS arousal (NT)

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20
Q

endorphins

A

pain control (NT)

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21
Q

Oxytocin

A

love and bonding (NT)

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22
Q

Agonist

A

drug that mimics a NT

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23
Q

Antagonist

A

a drug that blocks a NT

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24
Q

Reuptake

A

Unused NTs are taking back up into the sending neuron. SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) block reuptake - treatment for depression

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25
Hindbrain
oldest part of the brain
26
Cerebellum
movement/balance (walking a tightrope balancing a bell)
27
Medulla
vital organs (HR, BP)
28
Pons
bridge backed with regions - basic functions
29
Recticular formation
alertness
30
forebrain
higher thought processes
31
Amygdala
emotions, fear (Amy, da! You're so emotional!) (in the limbic system)
32
Hippocampus
memory (if you saw a hippo on the campus you'd remember it!) (in the limbic system)
33
Hypothalamus
Reward/pleasure center, eating behaviors - link to endocrine system (in the limbic system)
34
Thalamus
relay center for all but smell
35
Cerebral Cortex
Outer portion of the brain - higher order thought process
36
Occipital lobe
vision
37
Frontal lobe
decision making, planning, judgment, movement, personality
38
parietal lobe
sensations
39
Temporal lobe
hearing and face recognition
40
Somatosensory cortex
map of our sensory receptors - in the parietal lobe
41
Motor Cortex
map of our motor receptors - located in the frontal lobe
42
damage to left hemisphere
aphasia (speech impediment)
43
damage to Broca's Area
inability to produce speech
44
damage to Wernicke's Area
can't comprehend speech
45
Corpus Callosum
bundle of nerves that connects the 2 hemispheres - sometimes severed in patients with severe seizures - leads to "split-brain patients"
46
split-brain experiments
done by Sperry and Gazzaniga
47
Brain plasticity
Brain can "heal" itself (brain is malleable)
48
Endocrine system
sends hormones throughout the body
49
Pituitary Gland
Controlled by hypothalamus, release growth hormones
50
Adrenal Glands
related to sympathetic NS, releases adrenaline
51
EEG
brain activity - not specific
52
X-RAY
not useful for brain imaging, doesn't show tissues
53
CT/MRI
shows structures (tumors)
54
PET
glucose shows brain activity (when in doubt pick this one
55
fMRI
oxygen shows activity: real time
56
lesion
destruction of brain tissue
57
higher-level
totally aware
58
lower-level
automatic processing (daydreaming, phone numbers)
59
Altered states
produced through drugs fatigue, hypnosis
60
subconscious
sleeping and dreaming
61
no awareness
knocked out
62
Beta Waves
awake (you betta be awake for this exam)
63
Alpha waves
drowsy
64
NREM 1
light sleep
65
NREM 2
bursts of sleep spindles
66
NREM 3 Delta waves
Deep sleep
67
Rapod Eye Movement (REM)
dreaming, cognitive processing

psychology (7 decks)

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