Cranial Cavity & Scalp

Question 1

5 layers of the scalp

Answer 1

Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
epicranial Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

Question 2

skin

Answer 2

contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. is thickest over occipital bone

Question 3

dense connective tissue

Answer 3

subcutaneous layer richly vascularised & with cutaneous nerves

Question 4

epicranial apeneurosis

Answer 4

tendon and muscle of occipito-frontalis which prevents superficial wounds from gaping open

Question 5

loose connective tissue

Answer 5

loose areolar tissue that allows free movement of outer layers over underlying calvaria

Question 6

pericranium

Answer 6

external periosteum of the skull

Question 7

boundaries of the scalp

Answer 7

from superior nuchal line of occipital bone to supraorbital margins of the frontal bone and laterally over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch

Question 8

cutaneous / sensory innervation is supplied by

Answer 8

CN V & cervical nerves C2, C3

Question 9

CN V1 includes (5)

Answer 9

supraorbital
supratrochlear
infratrochlear
external nasal
lacrimal

Question 10

CN V2 includes (3)

Answer 10

zygomaticotemporal
zygomaticofacial
infraorbital

Question 11

CN V3 includes (3)

Answer 11

auriculotemporal
buccal
mental

Question 12

what supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible

Answer 12

the cervical plexus with the great auricular nerve (C2 and C3), not CN V

Question 13

C2 and C3 includes

Answer 13

greater and lesser occipital
third occipital
great auricular

Question 14

how does CN V1 exit the skull

Answer 14

superior orbital fissure

Question 15

how does CN V2 exit the skull

Answer 15

foramen rotundum

Question 16

how does CN V3 exit the skull

Answer 16

foramen ovale

Question 17

arterial supply to the scalp is via 2 main arteries

Answer 17

ICA - anterior scalp
ECA - lateral & posterior scalp

Question 18

3 branches of the ECA involved in arterial supply of the scalp

Answer 18

1. occipital
2. posterior auricular
3. superficial temporal

Question 19

2 branches of ICA involved in arterial supply of the scalp

Answer 19

2 branches of the ophthalmic which are:
1. supraorbital
2. supratrochlear

Question 20

venous drainage of the scalp

Answer 20

via veins of the same name as the arteries i.e. superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital, supraorbital, supratrochlear

Question 21

which vein is the exception and why

Answer 21

occipital as it drains into the IJV while the rest drain to the EJV

Question 22

anterior cranial fossa is bounded by

Answer 22

sphenoid crest

Question 23

middle cranial fossa bounded by

Answer 23

sphenoid crest and superior border of petrous temporal bone

Question 24

what bones are in the anterior cranial fossa (3)

Answer 24

frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question 25

anterior cranial fossa is occupied by

Answer 25

frontal lobes

Question 26

bones of middle cranial fossa (2)

Answer 26

sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 27

middle cranial fossa is occupied by

Answer 27

temporal lobes

Question 28

where is the pituitary gland found

Answer 28

in the pituitary fossa in the deepest part of the sella turcica

Question 29

bones of posterior cranial fossa (3)

Answer 29

sphenoid, occipital and temporal bones

Question 30

posterior cranial fossa is occupied by

Answer 30

cerebellum and brainstem (medulla oblongata)

Question 31

internal view of the skull is called

Answer 31

calvaria

Question 32

what is a buttress

Answer 32

thicker portion of cranial bone that transmits forces around weaker regions of the cranium

Question 33

frontonasal buttress

Answer 33

from the region of the canine teeth between the nasal and orbital cavities to the central frontal bone

Question 34

zygomatic buttress

Answer 34

from region of molars to the lateral, frontal and temporal bones

Question 35

occipital buttress

Answer 35

transmit forces received lateral to the foramen magnum from the vertebral column

Question 36

cranial meninges are

Answer 36

membranous layers that help in the protection of the brain

Question 37

what are the cranial meninges

Answer 37

dura mater (2 layers) arachnoid mater pia mater subarachnoid space

Question 38

2 layers of dura mater

Answer 38

inner meningeal layer - in contact with arachnoid mater outer periosteal layer - attached to bone

Question 39

arachnoid mater

Answer 39

lines the dura mater trabeculae project from the internal surface, across the subarachnoid space and are continuous with the pia materb

Question 40

subarachnoid space

Answer 40

fluid filled space contains CSF + blood vessels villi here will reabsorb CSF into the venous system villi can be found in sagittal sinus and lateral lacunae - known as arachnoid granulations

Question 41

pia mater

Answer 41

membrane attached to surface of brain as it adheres to brain surface it enters sulci of the brain

Question 42

dura mater folds limit movement within the brain cavity (4)

Answer 42

- falx cerebri - tentorium cerebelli - falx cerebelli - diaphragma sellae

Question 43

dura and calvaria are supplied by what arteries in the periosteal layer

Answer 43

anterior meningeal arteries middle & accessory meningeal arteries posterior meningeal arteries