Cranial Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
olfactory
A
sense of smell
2
Q
optic
A
vision
3
Q
oculomotor
A
eye movement, pupil size
4
Q
trigeminal
A
chewing & sensation of head & face
5
Q
trochlear
A
eye movement
6
Q
abducens
A
abduction of eyes
7
Q
facial
A
face movement
8
Q
vestibulocochlear
A
balance & hearing
9
Q
glossopharyngeal
A
tongue movement, swallowing, BP & respiration reflex control
10
Q
vagus
A
sensation of movement of organs supplied
11
Q
accessory
A
movement of viscera, voice & shoulder (SCM/Traps)
12
Q
hypoglossal
A
tongue movement
13
Q
gyri from 1 hemisphere to the other - L TO R tract
A
commissural
14
Q
impulses to lower parts of the brain - UP/DOWN or IN/OUT tract
A
projection
15
Q
gyri in the same hemisphere - FRONT TO BACK
A
association
16
Q
where NO NEW action potential can be initiated
A
absolute refractory period
17
Q
relative refractory period
A
stimuli stronger than usual to initiate action potential
18
Q
threshold membrane for AP
A
-55mV
19
Q
mV
A
milivoltz
20
Q
resting membrane potential “polarized”
A
-77mV
21
Q
hyperpolarized
A
lower than RMP undergoing -77mV
22
Q
afferent
A
sensory nerve to the brain
23
Q
efferent
A
motor nerves leaving the brain
24
Q
emotional brain
A
limbic system
25
limbic system
promotes range of feelings; pleasure, pain, affection, fear & anger
26
anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx
filum terminale
27
roots of the lower spinal cord
cauda equine "horse tail"
28
end of spinal cord @ L1-L2
conus medullaris
29
lobe w coordination, balance, & equilibrium
cerebellum
30
part of brain w sense of balance, reflexes, breathing, swallowing, digestion, consciousness, temp, alertness
brain stem
31
lobe w visual perception/interpretation & reading
occipital lobe
32
lobe w understanding language, musical awareness, memory, hearing, learning, feeling
temporal lobe
33
speaking, thoughts, personality, motor planning, problem-solving, judgment, emotional traits...
frontal lobe
34
lobe w senses; touch, taste, smell, academic skills, math calculations, reading writing, visual/spatial perception
parietal lobe
35
sensory (Wernicke) area
temporal
36
motor speech (broca) area
frontal
37
dura mater?
outermost layer
38
how many pairs or spinal nerves?
31
39
what is the reflex arc?
neural pathway
40
which tract carries motor signals
coricopinal
41
pia mater?
innermost layer
42
where is the medulla located?
brainstem
43
brainstem
mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata
44
what is posterior horn
ascending (sensory) neurons
45
which tract carries pain signals
spinothalamic
46
T or F: brain stem regulates breathing?
T - medulla oblongata
47
what is the anterior horn?
descending (motor) neurons
48
which part of brain stem controls heart rate
medulla oblongata
49
decussation of pyramids
L brain controls the R body
R body controls the L body
*stroke in r side of brain , pain is felt on L side of arm*
50
5 of 12 CN originate at the medulla
TRUE - CN 8-12
51
acts like a bridge connecting spinal cord w brain
pons
52
from pons to the diencephalon
midbrain
53
Little Brain - 2nd largest part of brain - inferior to cerebrum & posterior to brainstem
cerebellum
54
diencephalon contains what structues?
thalamic structures
- epithalamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
55
the epithalamus consists of?
pineal gland (release melatonin) & habenular nuclei (response to odor)
56
Hypothalamus function
controls Autonomic nervous system, body temp, regulate hunger/thirst
57
located ANT to central sulcus - contains primary motor area of cerebral cortex
precentral gyrus
"move to the front of the line"
58
located POST central sulcus - primary soma sensory area of cerebral cortex
postcentral gyrus
"have some sense & sit in the back seat"
59
separates partial lobes from occipital lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
60
wernicke's aphasia
speak in a jumbled "word salad" others cant understand
61
Broca's aphasia
limited language - single word or short sentences
62
provides supportive, protective cushion, monitors internal enviornemnt, may clear waste from brain tissue, & meningeal network of glymphatic/lymphatic
cerebrosipinal fluid
63
what connects brain hemispheres together?
corpus callosum (middle of brain frindge)
64
how does brain get o2?
blood
65
which cells for myelin in CNS?
oligodendrocytes
66
cells that form myelin in PNS?
Schwann Cells
67
skeletal muscles contraction
somatic effectors
68
peristalsis is a function of what nerve?
vagus
69
PNS includes?
only CN, Spinal Nerves, & their branches
70
contraction of smooth, cardiac muscles or secretions of glands
autonomic reflex
71
is enteric nervous system part of the ANS?
yes
72
5 major types of glia
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells
73
cell body also called
perikaryon or soma
74
site of communication bt 2 neurons
synapse
75
gap bt the pre and post-synaptic cells
synaptic cleft
76
the femoral nerve arises from the
lumbar plexus
77
this plexus is found deep in the neck, formed by ventral rami of the 1st 4 cervical nerves & parts of c5 & includes the phrenic nerve
cervical plexus
78
brachial plexus is found deep within the
shoulder
79
which plexus is responsible for innervating muscles of UE?
brachial plexus
80
