Cranial nerves

Question 1

Which nerves carry parasympathetic/autonomic fibers

Answer 1

oculomotor , facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

innervate: cardiac m, glands, smooth m.

Question 2

function of olfactory nerve

Answer 2

smell (sensory)

Question 3

function of optic nerve

Answer 3

visual perception (sensory)
from retina to brain

Question 4

function of oculomotor nerve

Answer 4

pupillary adjustment
lens accommodation
eye movement - somatic efferent(motor)
(parasympathetic)

Question 5

function of trochlear nerve

Answer 5

eye movement (motor)

Question 6

function of trigeminal nerve

Answer 6

sensory to face structures

motor to muscles of mastication

Question 7

function of abducent neve

Answer 7

eye movement (motor)

Question 8

function of facial nerve

Answer 8

motor to muscles of facial expression
taste sensation on rostral 2/3 tongue
innervates the lacrimal and mandibular salivary glands
motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibers

Question 9

function of vestibulocochlear neve

Answer 9

balance and hearing (sensory)

Question 10

function of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 10

motor to pharyngeal muscles
sensory to and taste and sensation to caudal 1/3 tongue
to parotid and zygomatic salivary glands (parasympathetic )

Question 11

function of vagus nerve

Answer 11

sensory and motor to pharynx

parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 12

function of accessory nerve

Answer 12

head and neck movement (motor)

trapezius and omotransversarius muscles

Question 13

function of hypoglossal nerve

Answer 13

tongue movement (motor)

Question 14

what is the vomeronasal (jacobson’s organ)

Answer 14

chemosensory organ at the floor of the nasal cavity

Question 15

what is the flechmen response

Answer 15

olfactory mechanism identifies the reproductive state of females based on pheromones (in urine or in genitals )
the upper lip raises (mostly in horses and cats)

Question 16

testing for olfactory

Answer 16

food presentation test:blind fold the eyes and offer food, do not use irritating smells can stimulate trigeminal nerve and give false positive

Question 17

define anosmia

Answer 17

lack of ability to smell

Question 18

define hyposmia

Answer 18

decreased ability to smell

Question 19

optic nerve crosses where and becomes what

Answer 19

optic chiasm and becomes optic tract

then to thalamus through lateral geniculate body and occipital cortices

Question 20

optic nerve enters what canal

Answer 20

optic canal

Question 21

clinical significance of optic nerve

Answer 21

optic neuritis
inflammation of optic nerve, swelling and destruction of myelin sheath which causes axonal damage
multiple sclerosis
sudden loss of vision (partial or complete)

Question 22

testing for optic nerve damage

Answer 22

menace response
test for optic(sensory) and facial nerve (motor)

pupillary light response (PLR)
pupil has to get smaller
test for optic (sensory)and oculomotor nerve(parasympathetic)

Question 23

creating a air current in menace response test will stimulate

Answer 23

trigeminal nerve

Question 24

oculomotor nerve passes through

Answer 24

orbital fissure

Question 25

oculomotor nerve(motor portion ) innervates

Answer 25

dorsal, medial, and ventral rectus , ventral oblique, and levator palpebral superioris muscles

Question 26

dilator pulpillae of the iris is innervated by what fibers of what nerve

Answer 26

sympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve

Question 27

constrictor pupillae of the iris and lens accommodation is innervated by what fibers of what nerve

Answer 27

parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve

Question 28

this ganglion is an irregular small enlargement at the termination of the oculomotor nerve. it contains parasympathetic cell bodies of postganglionic axons that innervates the sphincter pupillae of the iris. what is the function

Answer 28

ciliary ganglion regulates the size of the pupil in response to the amount of light entering the eye and in accommodation.

Question 29

clinical significance of oculomotor nerve

Answer 29

ptosis, mydriasis, ventrolateral strabismus

Question 30

define ptosis

Answer 30

drooping of the eyelid because of paralysis of elevator palpebral superioris

Question 31

define mydriasis

Answer 31

excessive dilation of eye lid (sympathetic)

Question 32

ventrolateral strabismus

Answer 32

all muscles innervated by oculomotor are paralyzed

Question 33

sympathetic nerve is injured results in

Answer 33

miosis (horners syndrome)

Question 34

symptoms of horner's syndrome

Answer 34

``` miosis ptosis elevation of 3rd eyelid exophthalmos sympathetic to the eye are compromised. ```

Question 35

what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 35

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Question 36

what does the trochlear nerve innervate and what does it pass through

Answer 36

dorsal oblique muscles of the eye and passes through orbital fissure

Question 37

what is the clinical sig of trochlear nerve

Answer 37

dorsolateral strabismus