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Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves- Anatomy/Function > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves- Anatomy/Function Flashcards

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0
Q

What is visceral?

A 
Internal organs
Respiratory apparatus (speech muscles, branchial arches)
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1
Q

What is somatic?

A

Skeletal
Skin
Ligaments
Joints

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2
Q

What are general sensory modalities?

A 
Fine touch
Crude (light) touch
Pain 
Temperature 
Vibration
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3
Q

What are special sensory modalities?

A 
Taste 
Smell
Vision 
Hearing 
Balance
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4
Q

What helps to organize the way BOTH spinal and cranial nerves transmit information to the nervous system?

A

Sensory modalities

Functional components

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5
Q

What is a sensory modality?

A

Conscious perceived sensation from the skin

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6
Q

How is general sensory AFFERENT information conveyed?

A

Fibers distributed throughout head and body

-originates from body

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7
Q

How is special sensory AFFERENT information conveyed?

A

Via CN ONLY

-concentrated in small localized zones

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8
Q

How is general motor SOMATIC EFFERENT information conveyed?

A

spinal AND motor nerves innervated voluntary muscles (CN III, IV, VI, XII)

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9
Q

How is special motor VISCERAL EFFERENT information conveyed?

A

cranial motor nerves ONLY innervate skeletal muscles (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)

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10
Q

What are the motor components of the CN that serve speech muscles?

A

SVE (special/visceral/efferents)
GVE (general/visceral/efferents)
OR BOTH

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11
Q

What are the motor components of the CN that serve speech muscles?

WHICH CN IS THE EXCEPTION TO THIS?? hint: it’s GSE

A

Hypoglossal

GSE (general/somatic/efferent)
Derived from similes

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12
Q

Which 6 cranial nerves are important to speech?

A 
Trigeminal (CN V) 
Facial (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) 
VAGUS (CN X) 
Accessory (CN XI) 
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
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13
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A 
I OLFACTORY
II OPTIC
III OCCULOMOTOR
IV TROCHLEAR
V TRIGEMINAL
VI ABDUCENS
VII FACIAL
VIII ACOUSTIC-VESTIBULAR
IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
X VAGUS
XI ACCESSORY
XII HYPOGLOSSAL
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14
Q

what are the CN associated with hearing and balance

A

Acoustic-vestibular (CN VIII)

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Acoustic-vestibular (VIII)

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves are PURELY motor?

A 
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Spinal accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
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17
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed with motor and sensory?

A

Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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18
Q

Where is the olfactory nerves located?

A

Telencephalon

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19
Q

Where is the optic nerve located?

A

Diencephalon

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20
Q

Where are cranial nerves III-XII located?

A

On the brainstem

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21
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves are involved in the movement of the eyeballs?

A

Occulomotor
Abducens
Trochlear

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22
Q

What is the difference between the sensory and motor cranial nuclei?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sensory: nuclei of termination of afferent fibers (first order neurons)

Motor: nuclei of origin of LMN (final common pathway)

23
Q

What are the 2 processes of the somatic unipolar neurons?

Study These Flashcards
A

Peripheral process: to receptor

Central process: to CN nucleus

24
Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons?
In ganglia (outside of CNS)
25
What are the lower motor neurons innervated by? Which pathways is used?
LMN innervated BG UMN USES: Corticobulbar pathway
26
How do the UMN innervated with the motor cranial nerves?
Bilaterally /both hemispheres LOWER FACE & TONGUE: contra lateral ONLY
27
Where is the trigeminal nerve located?
Pons
28
Name the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve & what type of nerves they are
Ophthalmic (sensory) Maxillary (sensory) Mandibular (mixed)
29
The trigeminal ganglion is also called...
Semilunar | Gasserian
30
What are the 3 sensory nuclei of termination of the trigeminal cranial nerve (V)?
Main sensory nucleus Spinal nucleus of V Mesencephalic nucleus
31
The main nucleus of the Trigeminal nerve can also be called?
Chief sensory nucleus | Principal sensory nucleus
32
The main nucleus receives input from where? About what type of General sensory information?
Light touch Fine discriminative sensation Input: face, mouth, anterior scalp (FROM ALL THREE BRANCHES)
33
What is the function of the spinal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve? Where does it get its input?
Mediates sensory portion of facial reflexes Gets general sensory from tongue (mandibular nerve) Input: pain and temperature (FROM ALL 3 BRANCHES)
34
What is the function of the Mesencephalic sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve? Where does it get its input?
Conscious and unconscious proprioception ``` Innervates: Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid & digastric Tensor veil palatini Tensor tympani Mentalis ```
35
The first branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?
The ophthalmic branch inputs SENSORY input to: Upper face (eyeballs, eyelids, cornea) Upper/ outer nose Anterior scalp & forehead
36
The second branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerves sends SENSORY input to: ``` Midface Cheeks Lower nose/ nostrils Upper lip, teeth & alveolus Hard and soft palate ```
37
The third branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerves send MIXED input. The sensory input is to: ``` Lower face Lower lip, lower teeth & alveolus Skin of mandible TMJ (temporomandibular joint) General sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue ```
38
The third branch of the trigeminal nerve serves what type of input to what location?
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve gives MIXED input. The motor input goes to: ``` Innervates: (same as MESENCEPHALIC) Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid & anterior belly of digastric Tensor veil palatini Tensor tympani Mentalis ```
39
What are major functions of CN V?
Mediates input of facial reflexes | Mediates input AND output of jaw jerk reflex
40
What type of nerve is the facial nerve (VII)? What is it's location
It's a mixed nerve It's on the lower pons
41
What are the three functions of the facial (VII) cranial nerve?
Taste (SVA) Motor to ALL facial muscles & 2 suprahyoids (posterior digastric and stylohyoid) & stapedius muscle (SVE) Motor salivation & tears (GVE)
42
What is the name of the facial nerve ganglion?
Geniculate ganglion
43
How many nuclei does CN VII have? Name them and their function
Solitary nucleus: taste Spinal nucleus of V: General sensory
44
How is taste interpreted from the facial nerve?
To solitary nucleus | Via chorda tympani branch
45
How are the general sensory modalities interpreted from CN VII?
From ear canal and skin behind the ear | To spinal nucleus of V
46
How is motor innervation supplied from CN VII motor nucleus?
Lower half: contra lateral cortical UMN supply Upper half: bilateral cortical UMN supply
47
What are the 5 facial motor branches?
``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical ```
48
What areas do the CN VII branches supply?
ALL facial muscles Posterior digastric & stylohyoid Stapedius of the middle ear
49
What is the main function of CNVII?
Mediates MOTOR components of facial reflexes *CN V mediates SENSORY component*
50
How do facial reflexes travel?
In through CN V OUT through CN VII
51
What does the jaw jerk travel?
IN & OUT through CN V
52
What are the signs of a facial nerve pathology involving UMN?
Closing eyes wrinkles forehead Lower facial quadrant paresis (facial asymmetry/ impaired labial retraction) *common in stroke victims*
53
What are the signs of a facial nerve pathology involving UMN?
Signs are unilateral Little or NO mobility Facial lines disappear *Entire half face involved*
54
What is Bell's palsy? | Can people recover?
Acquired LMN disorder Labial corner droops No known etiology Most cases recover

Neuroanatomy (19 decks)

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