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Neurology > Cranial Nerves (gross and neuro combined) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves (gross and neuro combined) Flashcards

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1
Q

cranial nerves are paired/unpaired structures

A

paired, 12 nerves in total

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2
Q

cranial nerves are visible on the dorsal/ventral aspect of the brain

A

ventral

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3
Q

state the cranial nerves in order from 1-12

A 
olfactory 
optic 
oculomotor 
trochlear 
trigeminal 
abducens 
facial 
vestibulocochlear 
glossopharyngeal 
vagus 
spinal accessory 
hypoglossal
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4
Q

which 2 cranial nerves originate in the cerebrum

A

olfactory

optic

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5
Q

where does the oculomotor nerve originate from

A

midbrain pontine junction

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6
Q

where does the trochlear nerve originate from in the brain

A

midbrain - posteriorly exits

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7
Q

what cranial nerve originates from the pons

A

trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

which 3 cranial nerves originate from the ponto-medullary junction

A

abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

which cranial nerves originate from the medulla oblongata

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal

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10
Q

where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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11
Q

where does the optic nerve exit the skull

A

optic canal

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12
Q

which cranial nerves exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

where does the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve exit

A

internal acoustic meatus

facial nerve exits through stylomastoid foramen after the internal acoustic meatus

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14
Q

which cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory

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15
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the brain

A

hypoglossal canal

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16
Q

what is the function of olfactory nerve

A

special sensory - smell

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17
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve

A

special sensory - sight

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18
Q

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve

A

somatic motor and visceral motor - innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, LPS and sphincter pupillae

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19
Q

what is the function of the trochlear nerve

A

somatic motor - innervates superior oblique

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20
Q

what is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - innervates forehead, eyelid, tip of nose

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21
Q

what is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - innervates the mid-cheek, lower eyelid and nostril

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22
Q

what is the function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - innervates lower lip and chin

motor - muscles of mastication

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23
Q

what is the function of the abducent nerve

A

motor - innervates the lateral rectus muscle

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24
Q

what is the function of the facial nerve

A

sensory - concha of the ear
special sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor - muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius
parasympathetic - supples lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal mucous gland

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25
what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve
hearing and balance
26
outline the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve
sensory - innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue special sensory - taste to posterior 1/3 of the tongue motor - innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle of the pharynx
27
outline the functions of the vagus nerve
sensory - skin of external acoustic meatus, internal surfaces of larynx. visceral sensation to abdominal organs and heart special sensory - taste to epiglottis motor - muscles of the pharynx and palate parasympathetic - supplies the heart, trachea, bronchi and GI tract
28
outline the functions of the spinal accessory nerve
motor - innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
29
outline the functions of the hypoglossal nerve
motor - innervates the muscles of the tongue
30
what one muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
palatoglossus
31
outline the clinical testing of sensory aspect of all 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
V1 - close eyes and touch forehead, upper eyelid, tip of nose V2 - close eyes and touch lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril V3 - close eyes and touch mid cheek and lower chin must compare each side
32
outline the clinical testing of motor aspect of CN V3
muscles of mastication | ask patient to clench teeth and palpate the contraction of masseter and temporalis
33
outline the testing of the facial nerve
ask patient to frown, close eyes tightly shut, show teeth and puff out cheeks
34
outline the clinical testing of the vagus nerve
ask patient to say ah swallow small amount of water listen to speech for hoarseness ask patient to cough
35
where do spinal accessory nerve fibres begin
C1-5
36
outline the clinical testing of the spinal accessory nerve
turn head and shrug shoulders
37
outline the clinical test for the hypoglossal nerve
stick out tongue
38
if a unilateral CN XII pathology is present, what side would the tongue move towards on protrusion
tongue moves towards the affected side
39
if there is a unilateral CN V3 pathology present, what side would the uvula move towards
uvula moves towards the unaffected side
40
outline the clinical testing of CN II
light reflexes snellen chart visual field
41
what is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain posteriorly
trochlear nerve, shortest nerve with the longest intracranial course
42
outline the route of the olfactory nerve
collection of sensory fibres that extend from olfactory epithelium to olfactory bulb passes through cribiform plate of ethmoid
43
describe the route of the optic nerve
leaves the orbit via the optic canal to the optic chiasm for partial decussation of fibres fibres now become optic tracts
44
state the nuclei involved with the optic nerve
superior colliculus lateral geniculate nucleus pretectal nucleus
45
which 2 nuclei are involved in the oculomotor nerve route
Edinger-Westphal nucleus | oculomotor nucleus
46
what does the Edinger-Westphal nucleus control
parasympathetic fibres via the ciliary ganglion | controls the pupillary muscles and ciliary muscle for constriction and accomodation respectively
47
what does the oculomotor nucleus control
motor control, originates at the level of the superior colliculus in midbrain
48
what nucleus is involved with the trochlear nerve
trochlear nucleus
49
what is the only cranial nerve that affects the contralateral side
trochlear
50
which ganglion is involved in the trigeminal nerve
trigeminal ganglion
51
which nucleus is involved in proprioception from chewing in CN V
mesencephalic nucleus
52
which nucleus is involves in touch and vibration from CN V
pontine nucleus
53
what does the spinal nucleus regulate in CN V
pain and temperature
54
where is the abducens nucleus located
in the midline, originates from the pons
55
state the nuclei involves in the facial nerve (4) and their function
facial motor - motor supply salivatory nucleus - parasympathetic innervation solitary nucleus - anterior 2/3rd of tongue for taste spinal trigeminal - somatosensation of the ear
56
what ganglion is involved in the facial nerve
geniculate ganglion
57
what are the 2 nuclei involved in the vestibulocochlear nerve
vestibular nucleus | cochlear nucleus
58
where do the nuclei in CN VIII originate from
upper medulla
59
the solitary nucleus is divided into what 2 areas and what do they supply
gustatory - taste | commisural - visceral afferents
60
outline the 4 nuclei involved with the glossopharyngeal nerve
solitary - both gustatory and commisural spinal trigeminal - somatosensation of the ear inferior salivatory nucleus - parasympathetic to parotid gland nucleus ambigus - motor supply to stylopharyngeus
61
outline the 4 nuclei involved with the vagus nerve
dorsal nucleus - parasympathetic solitary nucleus - gustatory and commisural for aortic arch nucleus ambigus - motor to larynx and pharynx spinal trigeminal - somatosensation to ear and dura
62
where does the accessory nucleus for CN VI originate
ventral horn C1-5
63
what nucleus is involved with the hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal nucleus

Neurology (19 decks)

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