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Human Anatomy > Cranial Nerves/ Head and Neck Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves/ Head and Neck Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

CN I

Name, Foramen, Fiber Type, Function, Branches

A

Name: Olfactory Nerve

Foramen: Cribiform Plate

Function: Smell, olfactory bulbs

Fibers: Special Sensory

Branches: Olfactory Filaments

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2
Q

CN II

Name, Foramen, Fiber Type, Function, Branches, special notes

A

Name: Optic n.

Foramen: optic canal

Fibers: special sensory

Function: Retina, vision

optic chiasm anterior to pituitary

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3
Q

CN III

Name, Foramen, Fiber Type

A

Name: Oculomotor

Foramen: superior orbital fissure

Fiber type: somatic motor, parasympathetic

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4
Q

CN III

Function, Branches

A

Function:

Motor - Superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

Parasympathetic - Sphincter pulilae, ciliary muscle

Branches:

Superior Branch - n. to superior rectus, n. to levator palpebrae superioris

Inferior Branch - n. to medial rectus, ciliary ganglion, n. to inferior oblique, n. to inferior rectus

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5
Q

CN IV

Name, Foramen, Fibers, Function, Branches

A

Name: Trochlear n.

Foramen: Superior orbital fissure

Fibers: Somatic motor

Branches: n. to superior oblique

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6
Q

CN V

Name, named branches, foramen,

A

Name: Trigeminal

Main Branches:
V1 - Opthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

Foramen:
V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

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7
Q

CN V1 Name, Branches

A

Opthalmic N.

Branches:
Frontal –> Supratrochlear, Supraorbital (via supraorbital foramen)

Lacrimal

Nasociliary –> infratrochlear, Post./Ant. Ethmoidal, External Nasal, Long Ciliary, branch to short ciliary

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8
Q

CN V2 Name, Branches

A

Maxillary N.

Branches:
zygomatic

Infraorbital

Post/Ant superior alveolar

Nasopalatine

greater palatine (OG)

lesser palatine (OG)

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9
Q

CN V3 Name, Branches

A

Mandibular

Branches:

Tensor Tympani

Tensor Velli Palletini

Medial Pterygoid

Auriculotemporal

buccal

Lingual (joined by chorda tympani) –> n. to mylohyoid

Inferior Alveolar –> mental

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10
Q

CN V1 Functions

A

Opthalmic Sensory

meninges, orbit, cornea, conjunctive, nasal cavity lining, forehead, middle nose, frontal air sinuses

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11
Q

CN V2 Functions

A

Maxillary sensory:

meninges, maxilarry air sinus, gums, teeth of upper jaw, bony part of cheek

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12
Q

CN V3 Functions

A

Mandibular sensory:

meninges, mucosa of oral cavity, palate, sensation to ant 2/3 of tongue, gums, teeth of lower jaw, soft part of cheek, mandible

Mandibular motor:

Muscles of mastication - masseter, buccinator, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

tensor tympani, tensor palatini, mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric

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13
Q

CN VI

Name, foramen, fibers, function

A

Name: Abducens

Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure

Fibers: general somatic motor

Function: Somatic Motor, lateral rectus

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14
Q

CN VII

Name, Foramen, Fibers

A

Name: Facial nerve

Foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Fibers: special sensory, general sensory, visceral motor, parasympathetic motor

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15
Q

CN VII

Functions

A

Name: Facial n.

Somatic motor functions:
muscles of facial expression, post. belly of digastric, stylohyoid

Special sensory functions:
taste to ant. 2/3 of tongue via chorda typmani

General Sensory: skin of auricle, skin of small area behind the ear

Parasympathetic functions:
lacrimal gland/masal oral mucosa, submandibular gland, sublingual gland,

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16
Q

CN VII

Branches

A 
Facial n. :
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Greater Petrosal
Chorda Tympani (meets with V3)
Posterior Auricular
N. to post. belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
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17
Q

CN VIII

Name, foramen, fibers, function

A

Name: Vestibulocochlear

Foramen: internal acoustic meatus

Fiber type: special sensory

Function: Special sensory for hearing and balance

Branches: vestibular, cochlear

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18
Q

CN IX

Name, Foramen, Fibers, Functions

A

Name: Glossopharyngeal

Foramen: Jugular Foramen

Fibers: Special sensory, general sensory, somatic motor, parasympathetic

Functions:

Special/general sensory - taste to post. 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus, carotid body

somatic motor:
stylopharyngeus

Parasympathetic:
Parotid gland

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19
Q

CN X

Name, foramen, fibers, branches

A

Name: Vagus

Foramen: Jugular Foramen

Fibers: General sensory, visceral sensory, special sensory, visceral motor, parasympathetic

Branches:

Pharyngeal

Superior laryngeal –> Internal laryngeal and external laryngeal

Recurrent laryngeal –> inferior laryngeal

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20
Q

CN X

Functions

Study These Flashcards
A

Vagus

Sensory:
sensation to ear canal via auricular branch, Larynx mucosa, epiglottic taste

Motor: pharynx, larynx soft palate, upper 2/3 of esophagus

Parasympathetic: preganglionic fiber to thoracic and abdominal smooth muscle, viscera, glands

21
Q

CN XI

Name, foramen, fiber type, function, branches

Study These Flashcards
A

Name: Spinal accessory

Foramen: Jugular foramen

Fibers: motor

Function: motor to SCM, trapezius

Branches: muscular

22
Q

CN XII

Name, foramen, fibers, function, branches

Study These Flashcards
A

Name: Hypoglossal

Foramen: hypoglossal canal

Fibers: somatic motor

Function: somatic motor to all tongue muscles except palatoglossus (Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Hyoglossus, intrinsic tongue)

Branches: styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus

23
Q

Nerve point of the neck

Study These Flashcards
A 
Lesser occipital (C2)
Great Auricular (C2/C3)
Transverse cervical (C2/C3)
Supreclavicular (C3/C4)
24
Q

Cervical Plexus

Origins, nerves,

Study These Flashcards
A

C1-C4 Anterior Rami

Transverse cervical n. (C2/C3)

Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) superficial to carotid sheath

25
Cervical Sympathetic Chain
Superior Cervical ganglion (C1-C4) Middle Cervical Ganglion (C5-C6) Inferior cervical ganglion (C7-C8) Stellate ganglion (C7-T1)
26
CN III Parasympathetic pathway
Midbrain --> CN III --> Sup. Orbital Fissure --> Otic Ganglion (SYNAPSE) --> short ciliary nn.(V1) --> sphincter pupilae and ciliary mm.
27
CN III Sympathetic pathway
Sympathetic chain --> superior cervical ganglion (SYNAPSE) --> internal carotid plexus --> ciliary nerves (hitchhike) --> Dilator pupilae
28
CN IX Parasympathetic Pathway
Medulla --> CN IX --> Jugular Foramen --> Tympanic N. --> Tympanic plexus --> lesser petrosal n. --> hiatus for lesser petrosal --> middle cranial fossa --> Foramen Ovale --> Otic Ganglion (SYNAPSE) --> auriculotemporal (HH, V3) --> Parotid Gland
29
CN IX Sympathetic Pathway
Sympathetic Chain --> Superior Cervical Ganglion (SYNAPSE) --> External Carotid Plexus --> Parotid Gland
30
CN VII, PPG Parasympathetics
Pons --> CN VII --> Internal Acoustic Meatus --> Greater Petrosal n. --> Hiatus for greater petrosal --> N. of Pterygoid Canal --> PPG (SYNAPSE) --> Branches of V2 (hitchhike) to nasal cavity and palate, Direct branches to lacrimal gland
31
CN VII, PPG Sympathetics
Sympathetic Chain --> Superior Cervical Ganglion (SYNAPSE) --> Internal carotid Plexus --> carotid canal --> Deep petrosal N. --> Nerve of pterygoid Canal --> PPG --> Branches of V2 (HitchHike) to nasal cavity and palate Lacrimal gland follows Para path
32
CN VII, Submandibular Parasympathetics
Pons --> CN VII --> Internal Acoustic Meatus --> Chorda Tympani --> Lingual n. (Hitchhike, V3) --> Submandibular ganglion (SYNAPSE), lingual nerve (hitchhike) to sublingual gland, direct branches to sublingual and submandibular glands
33
CN VII, Submandibular Sympathetics
Sympathetic Chain --> Superior Cervical Ganglion --> External carotid plexus --> Lingual and Facial aa. --> Submandibular and sublingual glands
34
Sterns Laws
Tensor = CN V3 Palat = CN X Gloss = CN XII
35
Somatic Motor Nerves
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 CN III, Occulomotor: Levator Palpebrae Sup., SR, IF, MR, IO CN IV, Trochlear: SO CN V3, Mandibular: Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid (Muscles of Mastication), Tensor muscles CN VI, Abducens: LR CN VII, Facial n.: Muscles of facial expression CN IX, Glossopharyngeus: Stylopharyngeus CN X, Vagus: Larnx, Pharynx, Palate CN XI, Spinal Accessory: Trapezius, SCM CN XII, Hypoglossal: Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Hyoglossus, intrinsic tongue
36
Somatic Sensory Nerves
5, 7, 9, 10 CN V1, Opthalmic: orbit, central forehead, dorsal nose CN V2, Maxillary: lateral forehead, lateral nose, nasal cavity, palate, upper teeth CN V3, Mandibular: jaw, lower teeth, ear, temporal region CN VII Facial: little region of external ear CN IX, Glossopharyngeal: Posterior 1/3 of tongue (sensation + taste), pharynx, Middle ear CN X, Vagus: Pharynx, larynx, External ear canal
37
Visceral Sensory Nerves
9, 10 CN IX, Glossopharyngeal: carotid body and sinus CN X, Vagus: Pharynx, thoracic, foregut, midgut viscera
38
Special Sensory
1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 CN I, Olfactory: smell CN II, Optic: Vision CN V3, Lingual: taste to anterior 2/3 CN VII, Facial: taste to ant. 2/3 via chorda tympani CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear: balance and hearing CN IX: taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue CN X: taste to root of tongue
39
CN Origins (2,2,4,4)
Forebrain: olfactory, optic Midbrain: occulomotor, trochlear Pons: Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear Medulla: Glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal
40
CN Exits
1: cribiform plate 2: optic canal 3,4,5,6: Superior orbital fissure 5(2): foramen rotundum 5(3): Foramen ovale 7,8: Internal acoustic meatus 9,10,11: Jugular Foramen 12: hypoglossal canal
41
Gag Reflex:
Sens: CN IX Motor: CN X
42
Cough Reflex
Sens/Motor: CN X
43
Pupillary Light:
Sens: CN II Motor: CN III
44
Accomodation
Sens: CN II Motor: CN III
45
Corneal Blink
Sens: V1 Motor: VII
46
Superior laryngeal
somatic motor (external laryngeal) and sensory (internal laryngeal)
47
External laryngeal
motor to cricothyroid m
48
Internal laryngeal
sensory from supraglottic larynx
49
Inferior laryngeal
from recurrent laryngeal. Motor to ALL INTERNAL LARYNGEAL MUSCLES Unilateral damage = soft, breathy voice Bilateral damage = no vocalization

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