Muscles of Head and Neck

Question 1

Platysma

Answer 1

O: inferior border of mandible, skin of lower face

I: deltopectoral fascia

Innv: Fascial nerve (CN VII)

Action: draws skin of neck superiorly and corners of mouth inferiorly

Very superficial muscle

Question 2

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

O: manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle

I: mastoid process

Innv: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

Bilateral: inferior flexion, superior extension

divides neck into anterior and posterior triangles

Question 3

Scalene Muscles

Answer 3

Anterior, Middle, Posterior

O: cervical transverse processes

I: 1st rib (ANT, MID)
   2nd rib (POST)

Sublcavian artery and brachial plexus pass thru ANT and MID

Question 4

Longus Coli

Answer 4

O: upper thoracic, lower cervical bodies. middle cervical transv. processes

I: upper cervical vertebral bodies

Innv: cervical ant. rami

flex neck

Question 5

Longus capitis

Answer 5

O: middle cervical transv. process

I: Occipital

Innv: cervical anterior rami

Action: flex neck, flex atlanto-occipital joint

Question 6

Muscles of Posterior Triangle

Answer 6

Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenes, inferior belly of omohyoid

Question 7

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 7

Stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid

Elevate hyoid bone

Question 8

Digastric

Answer 8

O: Posterior - mastoid notch
Anterior - digastric fossa
I: intermediate tendon near lesser horn of hyoid

Innv: Ant - CN V3 (mandibular), Post - Facial (CN VII)

Question 9

Sylohyoid innv

Answer 9

CN VII, facial n.

Question 10

mylohyoid innv

Answer 10

CN V3, mandibular n.

Question 11

Geniohyoid innv

Answer 11

C1 ant. ramus via hypoglossal n.

Question 12

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 12

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

depress, stabilize hyoid

Innv: C1-C4 anterior rami

Question 13

Muscles of facial expression

Answer 13

CN VII (facial n.)

Skin Movers, Sphincters of the face

occipitofrontalis (frontalis, occipitalis), orbicularis oculi (palpebral and orbital), zygomaticus major, buccinator, orbicularis oris, levator labbi superioris, lavator labbii superioris alaeque nasi, levator anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis

Question 14

Intrinsic eye muscles

Answer 14

Sphincter pupillae - parasympathetic

Dilator pupillae - sympathetic

Question 15

Ciliary body

Answer 15

Ciliary muscle - parasympathetic

suspensory ligaments

Question 16

Levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 16

O: common tendinous ring

Ins: superior tarsal plate

Innv: superior division of CN III, occulomotor

Action: elevate upper eyelid

Question 17

Superior rectus innv

Answer 17

superior division of CN III

Question 18

lateral rectus innv

Answer 18

CN VI (abducent)

Question 19

Inferior rectus

Answer 19

Inferior division of CN III

Question 20

Medial rectus

Answer 20

Inferior division of CN III

Question 21

Superior oblique

Answer 21

Trochlear, CN IV

Question 22

Inferior Oblique

Answer 22

Inferior division of CN III

Question 23

Medial Rectus Action

Answer 23

Strong ADduction

Question 24

Lateral Rectus Action

Answer 24

Strong ABduction

Question 25

Superior Rectus

Answer 25

Strong elevation Intorsion Slight adduction

Question 26

inferior rectus

Answer 26

strong depression extorsion slight adduction

Question 27

superior oblique

Answer 27

strong depression intorsion slight abduction

Question 28

inferior oblique

Answer 28

Strong elevation extorsion slight abduction

Question 29

Temporalis

Answer 29

O: floor of temporal fossa, deep surface of temporal fascia I: coronoid process Innv: mandibular n (CN V3) Action: elevate and retract mandible

Question 30

Masseter

Answer 30

O: Inferior zygomatic arch I: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible Action: Elevate, protrude Innv: mandibular n (CN V3)

Question 31

Lateral Pterygoid Superior Head

Answer 31

O: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid I: Articular disc and capsule of TMJ Innv: Mandibular n. (CN V3) Action: protrude mandible and depress chin

Question 32

Lateral Pterygoid Inferior Head

Answer 32

O:lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate I: Pterygoid fovea & capsule of TMJ Innv: Mandibular n. (CN V3) Action: protrude mandible and depress chin

Question 33

Medial pterygoid superior head

Answer 33

O: Maxillary tuberosity I: medial surface of mandibular ramus Innv: mandibular n. (CN V3) Action: Elevate and protrude mandible

Question 34

Medial pterygoid deep head

Answer 34

O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate I: medial surface of mandibular ramus Innv: Mandibular n. (CN V3) Action: elevate and protrude mandible

Question 35

Cricothyroid

Answer 35

O: External surface of cricoid arch I: inferior thyroid lamina Innv: External larygneal n. Action: Lengthen vocal cords

Question 36

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Answer 36

O: Posterior cricoid lamina I: muscular process of arytenoid Innv: Inferior laryngeal n. (recurrent laryngeal from vagus) Action: abducts vocal cords

Question 37

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 37

O: cricoid arch I: muscular process of arytenoid Innv: inferior laryngeal n. Action: adducts vocal cords

Question 38

Arytenoids

Answer 38

O: body of arytenoid I: contralateral arytenoid Innv: inferior laryngeal n. Action: adducts arytenoids, vocal cords

Question 39

Thyroarytenoid

Answer 39

O: Thyroid lamina I: Body of arytenoid Innv: inferior laryngeal n. Action: shorten vocal cords

Question 40

Vocalis

Answer 40

O: vocal process of arytenoid I: vocal ligament Innv: Inferior laryngeal n. Action: shortal vocal cords

Question 41

Stapedius

Answer 41

CN VII Dampens vibration of stapes in rxn to damaging loud sounds

Question 42

Levator Veli Palatini

Answer 42

O: cartilagenous auditory tube I: Soft palate Innv: CN X Action: Elevate soft palate

Question 43

Tensor veli palatini

Answer 43

O: pterygoid hamulus I: soft palate Innv: CN V3 Action: Tense soft palate

Question 44

Palatoglossus

Answer 44

O: soft palate I: lateral side of posterior tongue Innv: CN X Action: elevate tongue

Question 45

Palatopharyngeus

Answer 45

O: Soft palate I: lateral wall of pharynx Innv: CN X Action: elevate pharynx

Question 46

Muscles of Extrinsic Tongue

Answer 46

Genioglossus, Hypoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus CN XII

Question 47

Pharyngeal constrictors, names, origins, innv, insertion

Answer 47

Names: Superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictors O: Superior - pterygomandibular raphe Middle: greater horn of hyoid Inferior: thyroid and cricoid cartilage Ins: midline pharyngeal raphe Innv: CN X

Question 48

Killan's triangle

Answer 48

weak point in inferior constrictor, pharynx common site of esophageal diverticulum formation.

Question 49

Pharyngeal Elevators

Answer 49

Palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

Question 50

Innv of pharyngeal elevators

Answer 50

Palatopharyngeus: CN X Stylopharyngeus: CN IX Salpingopharyngeus: CN X

Question 51

muscles of nasopharynx

Answer 51

Torus Tubarius, Levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini

Question 52

Oropharynx muscles

Answer 52

Stylopharyngeus, glossopharyngeal

Question 53

Shortens/loosens vocal cords

Answer 53

thyroarytenoid, vocalis

Question 54

lengthens/tightens vocal cords

Answer 54

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 55

abduction of vocal cords

Answer 55

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 56

adduction of vocal cords

Answer 56

lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoids