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Flashcards in Cranial Nerves II Deck (35)
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1
Q

Innervation Chart

A
2
Q

CN VII Modalities

A
  • Facial nerve
    • Visceromotor (GVE)
    • Branchiomotor (SVE)
    • Somatosensory (GSA)
    • Viscerosensory (GVA)
    • Special sensory (SVA)
3
Q

Facial Canal

A

Between the IAM and stylomastoid foramen

4
Q

CN VII exits the cranial cavity through…

A

the internal acoustic meatus

5
Q
  • Facial canal
    • Geniculate ganglion
A
  • contains cell bodies for sensory neurons (1o GSA/GVA/SVA) in CN VII
    • Vestibular nerve (CN VIII)
    • Cochlear nerve (CN XIII)
    • Geniculate ganglion
    • Chorda tympani
    • Cochlea
    • Semicircular canals (vestibular apparatus)
    • Malleus
    • Tympanic membrane
    • Auditory canal
6
Q

CN VII: Visceromotor (GVE)

A
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Nasal mucosa
  • Sublingual gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Functions
    • parasympathetic: stimulates productions of tears, mucous, and saliva
7
Q

CN VII: Branchiomotor (SVE)

A
  • Muscles of facial expression
  • Stapedius muscle
  • Posterior belly of digastric muscle
  • Stylohyoid muscle
8
Q

CN VII: Somatosensory (GSA)

A

External ear (pinna)

9
Q

CN VII: Viscerosensory (GVA)

A
  • Sensation from the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx and soft palate
  • Follows the same path as SVA fibers
10
Q

CN VII: Special sensory (SVA)

A
  • taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • synapse in geniculate ganglion
  • Chorda tympani n.
11
Q

CN VIII

A
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve
  • Modalities: SSA
  • Sensations of hearing (from cochlea) and balance (from vestibular apparatus)
12
Q

Middle ear function

A

transmit sounds between tympanic membrane (ear drum) and the cochlea (inner ear); convert mechanical vibrations to pressure waves in cochlear fluid

13
Q

3 ossicles of middle ear

A
  • Malleus (“hammer”): sits on the tympanic membrane
  • Incus (“anvil”)
  • Stapes (“stirrup”): sits on the oval window of the cochlea
14
Q

Middle ear muscles

A
  • Stapedius m.
    • CN VII (SVE)
    • Stabilize stapes
  • Tensor tympani m.
    • CN V3 (SVE)
    • Dampens sounds (e.g. chewing sounds)
15
Q

The middle ear connects

A
  • pharynx via the auditory tube
  • mastoid air cells via the aditus ad antrum
16
Q

Inner ear

A
  • Cochlea
    • spiral shaped organ responsible for hearing
  • Vestibular apparatus
    • balance and orientation in space
    • semicircular canals: measure head rotations
    • otoliths: measure linear acceleration, contained within utricle and saccule
17
Q

CN IX modalities

A
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
    • Viscermotor (GVE)
    • Branchiomotor (SVE)
    • Somatosensory (GSA)
    • Viscerosensory (GVA)
    • Special sensory (SVA)
18
Q

CN IX: Visceromotor (GVE)

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Parasympathetic, stimulates saliva production
19
Q

CN IX: Branchiomotor

A

Stylopharyngeus m.

20
Q

CN IX: Somatosensory (GSA)

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

21
Q

CN IX: Special Sensory (SVA)

A

Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

22
Q

CN IX: Viscerosensory (GVA)

A
  • Carotid sinus (baroreceptors)
  • Carotid body (chemoreceptors)
  • Upper pharynx
    • Oro- and naso- pharynx
  • Middle ear
23
Q

CN X Modalities

A
  • Vagus nerve
    • Visceromotor (GVE)
    • Branchiomotor (SVE)
    • Somatosensory (GSA)
    • Viscerosensory (GVA)
    • Special sensory (SVA)
24
Q

CN X: Visceromotor (GVE)

A
  • Mucous membranes
    • pharynx
    • larynx
    • trachea
  • thoracic organs
    • heart and lungs
  • abdominal organs
    • foregut and midgut
25
Q

CN X: Branchiomotor (SVE)

A
  • Soft palate mm.
    • Levator veli palatini m.
    • Palatopharyngeus m.
    • Palatoglossis m.
    • Salpingopharyngeus m.
  • Pharyngeal constrictors
  • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (via recurrent laryngeal nerve)
  • Cricothyroid m. (via external branch od superior laryngeal nerve)
26
Q

CN X: Somatosensory (GSA)

A
  • External ear and canal
  • Tympanic membrane (external)
27
Q

CN X: Viscerosensory (GVA)

A
  • Inferior pharynx
    • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
  • Thoracic organs
    • heart and lungs
    • aortic body
  • Abdominal organs
    • foregut and midgut
28
Q

CN X: Special sensory (SVA)

A
  • Sense of taste
    • Root of tongue
    • Epiglottis
29
Q

CN IX

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve
    • Two parts:
      • Cranial part (CN XIC)
      • Spinal part (CN XIS)
    • Modalities
      • SVE (CN XIC)
      • GSE (CN XIS)
30
Q

Cranial part of CN XI: Branchiomotor (SVE)

A
  • Accompanies CN X
  • Motor part of pharyngeal plexus
  • Musculus uvulae m.
  • Levator veli palatini m.

CN XIC is functionally (clinically) and often anatomically indistinguishable from CN X

31
Q

Spinal part of CN XI: Somatomotor (GSE)

A
  • Trapezius m.
  • Sternocleidomastoid m.
32
Q

CN XII Modalities

A
  • Hypoglossal Nerve
    • Somatomotor (GSE)
33
Q

CN XII: Somatomotor (GSE)

A
  • Extrinsic tongue mm.
    • Genioglossus m.
    • Hyoglossus m.
    • Styloglossus m.
  • Intrinsic tongue mm.
34
Q

Clinical tests for lower cranial nerves

A
  • Shrug test
    • elevate shoulders against resistance
    • Motor: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
    • structure: trapezius
  • Head turn
    • turn head against resistance
    • motor: accessory nerve (CN XI)
    • structure: SCM muscle
  • Tongue protrusion
    • Motor:
    • Tongue deviates towards side of lesion
    • Unopposed genioglossus m. (protracts tongue)
  • Left hypoglossal nerve lesion
  • Soft palate- uvula position
    • left CN X/XIC lesion (nucleus ambiguus)
    • uvula deviates away from side of lesion
    • unopposed levator veli palatini m. (elevates uvula)
35
Q
A