cranial osteology

Question 1

What are the 2 main parts of the skull?

Answer 1

Question 2

What can the cranium be divided up into?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the calotte?

Answer 3

The superior braincase

Question 4

What are the 3 layers that compose the cranial vault bones?

Answer 4

The external & internal layers

The Diploe

Question 5

What are the external and internal layers of the cranial vault bones?

Answer 5

dense cortical (compact) bone called tabular bone

Question 6

What is the diploe of the cranial vault bones?

Answer 6

spongy bone (trabecular bone) that comprises the middle layer

Question 7

What are sutures?

Answer 7

Joints between cranial vault bones

Question 8

What are the major cranial sutures?

Answer 8

coronal, sagittal, squamosal, lambdoidal

Question 9

What is the frontal bone?

Answer 9

it comprises the anterior calvarium & superior wall of orbit

Question 10

What are the red arrows pointing to in this image below?

Answer 10

The Superciliary arch

(aka the supra orbital torus/ridge)

Question 11

What are the parietal bones (L&R)?

Answer 11

they comprise the superior wall of the calvarium

Question 12

what is being depicted by the red arrows in the image below?

Answer 12

the temporal line (insertion of temporalis muscle)

Question 13

What is being depicted by this top left red arrow?

Answer 13

EAM (external auditory meatus)

Question 14

what is highlighted below?

Answer 14

the mandibular fossa

(articular surface for the mandible)

Question 15

What is the occipital bone?

Answer 15

it comprises the posterior base and back of the calvarium

Question 16

What is depicted by the red arrows below?

Answer 16

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

Question 17

What is being indicated by the red line below?

Answer 17

External Occipital Protruberance (EOP)

Nuchal lines

Question 18

What are the R & L maxilla?

Answer 18

They comprise the inferior orbital wall, central portion of the face, upper dental arcade, & most of the hard palate

Question 19

what is indicated by the arrow?

Answer 19

maxillary dental arcade

Question 20

What are the palatine R&L bones?

Answer 20

Small bones comprosing the back (posterior) section of the hard palate

Question 21

What bones are indicated by the highlighted regions below? What is the middle image? The far right?

Answer 21

The lacrimal & ethmoid (R&L)

middle: lacrimal

far right: ethmoid

Question 22

what are the nasal (R & L) bones?

Answer 22

small bones comprising the bridge of the nose

Question 23

What is the zygomatic arch?

Answer 23

composed of the zygomatic bone (anterior) and the temporal bone (posterior)

Question 24

what are the zygomatic R&L bones?

Answer 24

comprises the lateral face (cheek) and lateral orbital wall

Question 25

What are the sphenoid bones

Answer 25

comprises the anterior base & posterior orbit, curves up to form anterior inferior wall of the calvarium

Question 26

what are the mandible bones?

Answer 26

the lower jaw, contains the lower dental arcade

Question 27

what is outlined in red below?

Answer 27

the body of the mandible

Question 28

What is indicated by the red box?

Answer 28

the ascending ramus

Question 29

what is being indicated by the bottom left arrow?

Answer 29

mental eminence (chin)

Question 30

what is the hyoid?

Answer 30

small floating bone attaches to the mm of larynx and tongue crushing injuries to this bone often indicate strangulation

Question 31

label the red arrows in the image below

Answer 31

from left to right: greater horn, body, lesser horn

Question 32

what are the vomer and nasal conchae?

Answer 32

small bones inside the nasal cavity

Question 33

what are the inner ear bones?

Answer 33

tiny bones deep inside the temporal bone; functionally related to hearing

Question 35

what is being depicted by this bottom right arrow?

Answer 35

the mastoid process