midline bones
occiput sphenoid mandible vomer ethmoid frontal
Paired bones
frontal parietal squamous temporals squamous occiput inferior nasal concha lacrimal maxilla nasal palatine zygoma frontal
Midline bones
flexion/extension
usually rotate about a transverse axis in a anterior/posterior direction
paired bones
internal/external rotation
usually move about AP axis in a lateral motion
Ethmoid parts
horizontal - cribriform plate
perpendicular plate
lateral masses (2)
Ethmoid flexion
rotates around a transverse axis
crista galli swings superiorly and posteriorly
lateral masses externally rotate(expand inferiorly)
Ethmoid extension
rotates around a transverse axis
crista galli swings inferiorly and anteriorly
lateral masses internally rotate(compress inferiorly)
5 articulations of the Vomer
nasal septum ethmoid sphenoid palatines maxillae
Vomer flexion
rotates around a transverse axis
wide flat palate
posterior part depresses the palatine, flattening the roof of the mouth
anterior part ascends to allow premaxillae to externally rotate
Vault Contact
Index fingers rest of the greater sphenoid wing, just posterior to the frontozygomatic suture
Middle fingers anterior to the ear on temporal
ring fingers rest on the mastoid process
pinky fingers rest on the occiput
palms may rest upon the parietals
thumbs may contact the frontal bone
Lateral Strain Axis
Two vertical axis
Lateral Strain Names
for the direction of the base of the sphenoid
Lateral Strain Motion
motion happens in the same direction
Lateral Strain Palpation
1st fingers move in opposite direction from pinky fingers
side of strain moves anteriorly
Vertical Strain Axis
two transverse axis
Vertical strain named
named for the direction of the base of the sphenoid
Vertical strain motion
motion happens in the same direction
Vertical strain palpation
superior - 1st fingers move away from practitioner, pinky fingers move toward practitioner
inferior - 1st fingers move toward the practitioner, pinky fingers move away from practitioner
Torsion axis
one sagittal axis (AP)
Torsion named
named for the higher greater wing of the sphenoid
Torsion motion
motion happens in opposite directions about the axis
Torsion palpation
1st finger and pinky of one hand move superiorly while the other hand moves inferiorly
Sidebending rotation axis
one sagittal (AP) two vertical
sidebending rotation named
named for the convexity developed in the cranium
full side
sidebending rotation motion
motion is in the same direction about sagittal axis
motion is opposite on the vertical axes
sidebending rotation palpation
named side feels “fuller”
1st finger and pinky move away from each other and out.
opposite side “shrinks”
1st finger and pinky move toward each other and in
compression axis
sagittal (AP)
compression causes
significant trauma, depression, anxiety
may mimic other patterns
location of trauma to cause lateral strain
A or P to SBS
location of trauma to cause vertical strain
either in front or behind SBS on superior or inferior aspect of the head
location of trauma to cause torsion
hit with a roll
location of trauma to cause sidebending rotation
blow right to the ear
axis of motion of the sacrum
superior transverse posterior S2
