Cranial Vault

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

Answer 1

Dura mater-thick tough
Arachnoid- delicate
Pia Mater- tender, intimate to brain surface

Question 2

When the pia and arachnoid are referred to together they might be called

Answer 2

Leptomeninges

Question 3

The dura mater might also be referred to as

Answer 3

pachymeninges

Question 4

How many layers does the cranial dura have

Answer 4

2
meningeal layer
periosteal layer

Question 5

What is the meningeal layer of cranial dura continuous with

Answer 5

spinal dura

Question 6

what is the periosteal layer of the cranial dura continuous with

Answer 6

the periosteum of the skull outside the foramen magnum and other foramina

Question 7

Is the periosteal layer of the cranial dura more adhered to the meningeal dura or the skull bones

Answer 7

the meningeal dura, therefore it can be separated from the bone

Question 8

What space is found between the pia and the arachnoid layers

Answer 8

subarachnoid space

Question 9

what fills the subarachnoid space

Answer 9

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Also has cerebral vessels suspended in the subarachnoid space

Question 10

what space is between the dura and the bones of the cranial vault

Answer 10

epidural space

only “appears in pathologies

Question 11

what is the space between the dura and the arachnoid

Answer 11

subdural space

Question 12

what are dural folds

Answer 12

expansions of cranial dura that help to separate certain brain areas

Question 13

what does the falx cerebri separate

Answer 13

separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres longitudinally

Question 14

Where does the falx cerebri attach to

Answer 14

anteriorly: crista galli
posteriorly: tentorium cerebelli

Question 15

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate

Answer 15

the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 16

What does the falx cerebelli separate

Answer 16

partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres

Question 17

what is the diaphrama sella

Answer 17

the dural fold partially covering the hypophyseal fossa and pituitary gland

Question 18

what is histologically significant about the dural venous sinuses

Answer 18

They have no muscles and no valves

They are still lined by endothelium

Question 19

How do the cerebral veins get to the dural sinuses

Answer 19

penetrate the arachnoid, puncture through the dura

Question 20

Where is the Superior Sagittal sinus found

Answer 20

Always in the superior margin of the falx cerebri

Question 21

Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain to

Answer 21

posteriorly to the confluence of sinuses

Question 22

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus found

Answer 22

along the inferior margin of the falx cerebri

Question 23

where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain

Answer 23

into the straight sinus with the great cerebral vein of galen

Question 24

Where is the straight sinus found

Answer 24

lies along the junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 25

Where does the occipital sinus drain to

Answer 25

to confluence of sinuses

Question 26

Where is the confluence of sinuses located

Answer 26

just inferior to the internal occipital protuberance

Question 27

which dural sinuses converge on the confluence of sinuses

Answer 27

superior sagittal straight occipital

Question 28

What drains into the transverse sinus and where does the transverse sinus drain to

Answer 28

confluence drains into transverse | transverse drains into sigmoid sinus of respective side

Question 29

What becomes the internal jugular vein

Answer 29

the sigmoid sinus

Question 30

Where is the cavernous sinus located

Answer 30

each side of the sphenoid

Question 31

What does the cavernous sinus receive drainage from

Answer 31

pituitary and also the orbit

Question 32

What structures are associated with the cavernous sinuses

Answer 32

superior petrosal sinuses | inferior petrosal sinuses

Question 33

Where does the superior petrosal sinus drain to

Answer 33

transverse sinus

Question 34

Where does the inferior petrosal sinus drain to

Answer 34

sigmoid sinus

Question 35

What is the anterior meningeal artery formed by

Answer 35

branches of the internal carotid arteries

Question 36

What is the largest meningeal artery

Answer 36

the middle meningeal artery

Question 37

What forms the middle meningeal artery

Answer 37

branch of the maxillary

Question 38

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull

Answer 38

Foramen spinosum

Question 39

What forms the posterior meningeal artery

Answer 39

branches of the vertebral and occipital arteries

Question 40

Where does most of the blood from the meningeal arteries go to

Answer 40

bones of the cranium

Question 41

Is the dura vascularized

Answer 41

relatively avascular since its made of dense regular CT

Question 42

What is the clinical significance of a basilar skull fracture

Answer 42

can damage the meningeal arteries which may lead to blood leaking and becoming an epidural hematoma

Question 43

How do subdural hematomas usually occur

Answer 43

result from damage to the cerebral vein at the junction where veins pass through the subdural space. Caused by acceleration/decelleration injuries

Question 44

What are diploic veins

Answer 44

veins within the medullary cavity of the cranial bones

Question 45

Where do the diploic drain to

Answer 45

Drain into the superficial veins of the scalp and/or dural venous sinuses

Question 46

What are emissary veins

Answer 46

veins that directly connect dural venous sinuses and veins that are outside of the skull

Question 47

What do the meningeal nerves innervate

Answer 47

Dura Dural vessels (venous sinuses; meningeal arterties) Cerebral arteries

Question 48

What innervates the dura of the anterior and middle cranial fossae

Answer 48

meningeal branches of the CN5 (trigeminal)

Question 49

What innervates the dura of the posterior fossa

Answer 49

CN10- Vagus | Upper 3 cervical spinal nerves

Question 50

How do the upper 3 cervical spinal nerves innervate the posterior fossa dura

Answer 50

Probably hitchhike with CN7

Question 51

What is the functional role of the meningeal nerves

Answer 51

Pain fibers