craniofacial embryology

Question 1

cranial neural crest cells form

Answer 1

• dentin
• pulp
• cementum
• pdl
• nerve supply
• not enamel or blood supply!

Question 2

neural plate invaginates to form what

Answer 2

neural tube

Question 3

fusion of the neural folds forms what

Answer 3

neural crest cells (and epidermis)

Question 4

steps to formation of neural crest cells

Answer 4

1) induction
2) delamination
3) migration
4) differentiation

Question 5

defects in NC cells lead to

Answer 5

craniofacial birth defects

Question 6

development of the oral cavity begins when

Answer 6

3 weeks

Question 7

contact between oral ECTOderm and foregut ENDOderm

Answer 7

oropharyngeal membrane

Question 8

when does the oropharyngeal membrane distintegrate

Answer 8

4th week

Question 9

when does the branchial arches begin to form

Answer 9

late 3rd week

Question 10

1st branchial arch

Answer 10

maxillary process and mandibular arch

Question 11

1st branchial groove

Answer 11

EAM (ear canal)

Question 12

ectoderm of 1st groove

Answer 12

tympanic membrane

Question 13

2nd groove

Answer 13

palatine tonsil

Question 14

3rd groove

Answer 14

parathyroid gland

Question 15

folding of branchial arch forms

Answer 15

cervical sinus

Question 16

primary palate forms from what

Answer 16

2 medial nasal processes and frontonasal process

Question 17

function of primary palate

Answer 17

separates developing oral and nasal cavities

Question 18

what forms the secondary palate

Answer 18

3 palatal processes (which come from maxillary processes)

=> 2 lateral fuse with 1 medial

Question 19

improper fusion of the palates results in

Answer 19

cleft palate

Question 20

improper fusion of the neural tube (not fully enclosed)

Answer 20

spina infibida

Question 21

cncc are considered ____ structures

Answer 21

transient embryonic structures

Question 22

cncc come from __ edges of the neural tube and migrate ___

Answer 22

lateral, centrally

Question 23

epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Answer 23

epithelial become mesenchymal cells

Question 24

2nd brachial arch

Answer 24

hyoid arch and neck

Question 25

found in the frontonasal area and invaginates to make "nasa pit"

Answer 25

nasal/olfactory placode

Question 26

fusion of the 2 medial nasal processes and the frontonasal process

Answer 26

intermaxillary segment

Question 27

what gives rise to the primary palate

Answer 27

intermaxillary segment

Question 28

improperly fusion of the medial and lateral nasal processes and maxillary process

Answer 28

cleft lip

Question 29

improper fusion of the medial and lateral palatine processes

Answer 29

cleft palate

Question 30

formation of the tongue

Answer 30

brachial arch 1 (oral) and 3 (pharyngeal)

Question 31

epiglottis and adjacent regions

Answer 31

brachial arch 4

Question 32

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 32

oral part

Question 33

posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 33

pharyngeal part

Question 34

anterior to the terminal sulcus (junction bw oral and pharyngeal parts)

Answer 34

circumvallate papillae

Question 35

bone forming on top of a template

Answer 35

endochondral ossification

Question 36

bone arrives DE NOVO (new) by

Answer 36

intramembranous ossification

Question 37

membranous ossification

Answer 37

mesenchyme => osteoblasts

Question 38

bones of the cranial vault (skull) are formed by

Answer 38

intramembranous ossification

Question 39

bones of the endocranium (base of the skull) are formed by

Answer 39

endochondral ossification

Question 40

body of mandible is formed by

Answer 40

intramembranous ossification

Question 41

ramus and condyle of mandible is formed by

Answer 41

endochondral ossification

Question 42

1st sign of mandible

Answer 42

meckel's cartilage | *mandible does NOT arise from meckels

Question 43

where does meckels cartilage come from

Answer 43

1st branchial arch

Question 44

cleft palate is ___ common than cleft lip +/- palate

Answer 44

less common

Question 45

defect in upper wall of oral cavity

Answer 45

orofacial cleft

Question 46

cleft l/p is more common in which races

Answer 46

chinese, japanese, koreans

Question 47

majority of clp are

Answer 47

non-syndromic (only cleft affected and nothing else in the body)

Question 48

defect of TCOF1 gene

Answer 48

treacher collins syndrome * TCOF1 gene: encdoes nucleolar (treacle) protein - not enough neural crest cells! (apoptosis)

Question 49

birth defect where sutures are fused

Answer 49

craniosynostosis

Question 50

connecting medium between sutures (during synchondrosis)

Answer 50

hyaline cartilage

Question 51

palate formation comes from

Answer 51

medial and lateral palatal processes

Question 52

palate ossification comes from

Answer 52

1) premaxillary 2) maxillary 3) palatine

Question 53

ossification centers meet to form

Answer 53

secondary palate

Question 54

what contributes to the primary TMJ joint

Answer 54

meckels cartilage