endocrine system

Question 1

4 types of hormones

Answer 1

1. protein and glycoprotein
2. small peptides
3. AA derivatives
4. steroids

Question 2

type of hormone -insulin

Answer 2

protein

Question 3

type of hormone - E and NE

Answer 3

AA derivates

Question 4

type of hormone - adrenal cortical hormones

Answer 4

steroid

Question 5

endocrine signalling

Answer 5

goes into blood or lymph and travels throughout body

Question 6

autocrine

Answer 6

response on same cell its secreted from

Question 7

paracrine

Answer 7

response on neighbouring cell

Question 8

cell-cell contact

Answer 8

diffuse through gap junctions

Question 9

arrangement of cell in exo gland

Answer 9

tubular or acinar

Question 10

arrangement of cells in endo glands

Answer 10

cords or clusters

Question 11

endo blood supply

Answer 11

rich, with lots of capillaries and sinusoids

Question 12

pituitary gland sits in a body cavity called

Answer 12

sella turcica

Question 13

pituitary gland is controlled by

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

tropic hormones

Answer 14

FLAT:

• FSH
• LH
• ACTH
• TSH

Question 15

non tropic hormones

Answer 15

• Prolactin
• growth hormone
• ADH
• oxytocin
• melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 16

posterior pit gland is also called

Answer 16

pars nervosa

Question 17

origin of post pit gland

Answer 17

down growth of hypothalamus

Question 18

post pit gland is joined by

Answer 18

pit stalk

Question 19

anterior pit gland origin

Answer 19

primitive oral cavity (Rathke’s pouch)

Question 20

parts of the anterior pit gland

Answer 20

• pars distalis: bulk of gland
• pars intermedia: thin tissue bt ant and post
• pars tuberalis: the tube part that wraps around pit stalk

Question 21

cell types of ant pit gland

Answer 21

1. chromophils
   - basophil
   - acidophil
2. chromophobes

Question 22

which hormones of ant pit are acidophils

Answer 22

gh and prolactin

Question 23

majority of hormones in ant pit are controlled by

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

prolactin release

Answer 24

dopamine

Question 25

growth hormone release

Answer 25

releasing and inhibitory hormones

Question 26

what makes and secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 26

pars intermedia of ant pit gland

Question 27

post pit gland is mostly made up of

Answer 27

nonmyelinated axons

Question 28

distensions of terminated axons that contact capillaries in the post pit gland

Answer 28

herring bodies

Question 29

which hormones does the post pit gland secrete

Answer 29

- ADH (vasopressin) | - oxytocin

Question 30

functional unit of thyroid gland

Answer 30

thyroid follicle

Question 31

thyroid follicles are made up of

Answer 31

single layer of cuboidal cells in a circle surrounding colloid

Question 32

what is found in the colloid of the thyroid follicle

Answer 32

thyroglobulin (iodinated form of T3 and T4)

Question 33

function of parafollicular cells or C cells

Answer 33

secrete calcitonin

Question 34

goiter

Answer 34

most common form of thyroid disease - cant make thyroid - cause: iodine deficiency

Question 35

parathyroid gland

Answer 35

secrete PTH

Question 36

2 types of cells in parathyroid gland

Answer 36

1. chief cells or principal cells | 2. oxyphil cells

Question 37

chief cells

Answer 37

white cytoplasm | -makes and secretes PTH

Question 38

oxyphil cell

Answer 38

pink cytoplasm

Question 39

parathyroid adenoma

Answer 39

excessive production of pth (hyperparathyroidism)

Question 40

primary hyperparathyroidims

Answer 40

- parathyroid adenoma | - hypercalcemia (high calcium)

Question 41

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 41

- enlarged glands - too much PTH - lose calcium in urine bc of kidney failure

Question 42

adrena medulla

Answer 42

E and NE (A and NA) - cell type: chromaffin cells - under control of sympathetic ns

Question 43

layers of adrena cortex

Answer 43

gomerulosa (outer) fasciculata reticularis (inner)

Question 44

zone glomerulosa

Answer 44

secrete mineralocotcoid hormones (aldosterone) | -under control of renin angio system

Question 45

zona fasciculata

Answer 45

- broadest - secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol) - under control of ACTH

Question 46

addison's disease

Answer 46

low adrenal cortical hormones

Question 47

cushing's syndrome

Answer 47

high glucocorticoids

Question 48

pheochromocytoma

Answer 48

benign tumor of medulla

Question 49

delta cells of inslet of langerhans

Answer 49

secrete somatostatin