Crime And Deviance Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the three aims of punishment?
Deterrence; punishment should be severe enough to prevent future crime. Rehabilitation; reforming with supervision and treatment, re educating offenders. Reparation; offenders should make amends for their offences eg fine, compensation, often used for minor offences.
What is the functionalist view of punishment?
It upholds social solidarity and reinforces value consensus by expressing moral outrage at the offence. It’s a balancing act between retributive justice (punishment is severe and a deterrent to future criminality) restitution justice ( punishment should repair damage done to restore balance.
What is Marxist view of punishment?
Upholds ruling class ideology and protects ruling class property. In a capitalist system direct or indirect financial punishment is favoured, some of which may affect current or future employment eg fines
What is the gender pattern in crime?
Females participate less in crime, women less likely to be stopped and searched, theft is more commonly women according to ocr. Female crime is increasing but still significantly lower than males.
What does Merton say about gender and crime?
Merton argues that everyone is socialised into the same goals, males are expected to be the breadwinner so they can experience material disadvantage & blocked opportunities, more likely to underachieve in education so experience anomie and innovate to commit financial crime.
What does waddington argue about gender and crime?
Makes commit more crime due to their economic situation and social expectations.
What does cohen, cloward&ohlin say about gender and crime?
Agree w Merton, starts with vc however in response to being economically deprived some males or ethnic minorities may form a gang, leading to committing glory crimes and financial crimes to alleviate status frustration
What do miller and Murray say about gender and crime?
Men are socialised into focal concerns, risk taking, power, thrill seeking. Single parent families lack father figure therefore discipline and provide inadequate socialisation.
What does Marxist Chambliss say about gender and crime?
Due to selective law enforcement the proletariat ( disproportionately males) are over policed and under protected. The media (isa) focus on male crime to make it appear this group are a problem in society meaning RSA need to deal with it more severely
What do neomarxist/ social action theorists say about gender and crime?
Males commit more crime as they are labelled as folk devil, media & public demonise wc men which can lead to SFP and the amplification of deviant careers. Some males choose to commit crime as a reaction to exclusion in society, there is some truth in ocr as males sometimes choose to commit crime.
What has caused an increase in recorded crime?
More sophisticated police detection: cctv, social media dna surveillance,, changing attitudes and priorities; react to moral panic and public fear,, changes in the law creates new criminals eg marital rape
How does the ocr underestimate the true picture of criminality?
The OCR only shows officially recorded crime, many crimes remain unknown or undetected or unreported, this is known as the ‘dark figure of crime’
