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Crime and deviance Flashcards

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1
Q

what is deviant behaviour?

A

behaviour that doesn’t perform to society’s expectations, not necessarily illegal

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2
Q

what is a crime

A

a socially unacceptable action which endangers others and breaks the law

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3
Q

differnce between crime and deviance

A

deviance isn’t the done thing but doesn’t endanger anyone and isn’t illegal

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4
Q

why is it okay to break some laws and not others?

A

depends on severity and frequency

minimal effect it has

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5
Q

how are crime and deviance related to time and place

A

can change severity, eg smoking in a smoking place vs smoking in a non-smoking area

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6
Q

what are formal rules?

A

they are written laws that guide someone’s behaviour in a social setting

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7
Q

what are informal rules?

A

unwritten rules that we take for granted, eg queuing

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8
Q

what is social control?

A

the ways in which a society ensures its members conform to rules

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9
Q

functionalist views about social control?

A

they believe it is about agreement between people and organisations

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10
Q

what do marxist believe about social control?

A

its based on the wealthy having power over the lower classes

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11
Q

what is formal social control?

A

based on written rules

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12
Q

what is informal social control?

A

enforced by the reaction of others

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13
Q

how do psychologists explain deviance

A

traits of offenders, such as impulsive behaviour

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14
Q

how do biologists explain deviance?

A

they focus on the genetics of criminals and how this can lead to antisocial behaviour

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15
Q

what are agencies of social control

A

they work to stop people commiting crimes and deviant behaviour

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16
Q

examples of agencies of social control (2)

A

police

government

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17
Q

how do sociologists explain criminal and deviant behaviour?

A

focus on social factors, such as socialisation and deprivation

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18
Q

how does the labelling theory explain criminal and deviant behaviour

A

stereotypical looking criminals get fed up of being labelled as criminal so conform to this expectation

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19
Q

how might inadequate socialisation lead to CandD

A

depends on who you see as a rolemodel and how exposed you are to criminal behaviour

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20
Q

why might unequal life chances lead to c and d

A

desperation; people commit crimes to try and get the status or money needed for these chances

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21
Q

what are the main sources of data on the extent of crime

A

official statistics

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22
Q

what is a victim survey/self-report study

A

when the government asks adults questions about crime so compiles data on it

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23
Q

how far do official statistics measure the extent of crime?

A

not all crime is discovered, reported or recorded

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24
Q

what is meant by the’social construction’ of official statistics?

A

biased based on the image they want to project

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25
what is the relationship between crime and age?
criminal activity is more common in young people
26
relationship between crime and gender
suggests that men are more likely to commit crimes than women
27
why are crime rates involving women increasing?
changing social position of women and changing attitudes
28
what is the hidden figure of crime?
the number of unreported crimes committed
29
explanations for young people getting involved in crime (4)
peer pressure socialisation unsupervised time with peers parent impact
30
why are men more likely to be criminals than women?
biological differences; men are more likely to be impulsive and resort to violent behaviours
31
why are ethnic minorities more liley to be stopped by police
stereotypes
32
what is white collar crime?
when a person you wouldn't expect commits a crime for money
33
what impact does crime have on society
impacts on way of life , people often very scared
34
why are working class more likely to be criminals than upper class
desperation
35
why is there more crime in urban areas?
larger population | larger inequality
36
what are the four explanations that marxists have for crime
individual motivation basis of laws law enforcement law creation
37
how do the basis of laws explain crime
laws are made by the powerful to benefit and protect them
38
how does law creation explain crime
bourgeoisie impose their beliefs on the rest of the population
39
how does law enforcement explain crime
different groups are treated unequally in the justice system | laws reflect interests of ruling class
40
how does individual motivation explain crime
economic self interest, greed and personal gain
41
what is lambrosso's biological theory of explanation
criminals have certain characteristics, such as large jaw size
42
what does Durkheim think about crime
the reaction to a crime helps bind communities together
43
difference between sociological view on crime and functionalist
functionalists focus on role crime plays in society where sociologists try and explain it
44
summary of marxist view on crime
people commit crimes because of two reasons: consumerism and competition
45
what is consumerism?
wanting more and better goods
46
how does relative deprivation explain crime
people commit crimes to get what they feel they have been deprived from
47
how does the opportunity structure explain crim
people commit crime because they can't achieve the socially acceptable goals
48
how does subculture theory explain crime
different subcultures teach people different things and this can include truancy etc
49
how does inadequate socialisation explain crime
if we are socialised in a criminal environment to learn to accept criminal behaviours, then we carry this onto adult life
50
name four reasons for crim
relative deprivation opportunity structure subculture theory inadequate socialisation
51
what is the master status?
when people are looked at solely on the basis of one act
52
what are the four factors marxists believe make crime
individual motivation law enforcement basis of laws law creation
53
what is capitalism?
there is one group that benefits from the rest of society
54
four functoions for crime according to functionalists
social cohesion changing values safety valve reaffirming boundaries
55
how does crime affect social cohesion?
when a devastating event happens, the community binds together
56
how is safety valve a function of crime
deviant acts release pressure in society
57
how is changing values a function of crime?
an outpour of support from the public can change laws and values
58
how is reaffirming boundaries a function of crime?
everytime a person is punished it reminds poeple of what they can and can't do
59
what is a folk devil?
when a person o group are portrayed as deviant by the media
60
what is someone's image
the character projected to the public by the media
61
what is deviancy amplification?
when the media exaggerates an event
62
what is a benefit cheat?
someone illegally claiming benefits they aren't entitles to
63
what is agenda setting?
the idea that the media control the issues that people think about
64
what are gatekeepers
people who control the access to information , service and good
65
what are news values
determines how much coverage an event receives
66
what are asylum seekers
a person who left their home country as a political refugee
67
what is an anomie
instability resulting from a breakdown of norms and values
68
what is deliquency
failure to do what the law requires
69
what is the structural theory
the idea that society is a framework that promotes solidarity and stability
70
what are deviant careers?
the process by which an individual comes to accept a deviant self identity
71
why might a crime not be detected?n
not known about (eg thinking you lost your phone when someone took it)
72
Why is youth crime seen as a social problem?
these youth grow up to become violent frequent criminals
73
what is Antisocial behaviour
behaviour that is endangering another person
74
what is the chivalry thesis
the idea that the legal system is more lenient on women
75
what is conformity
compliance with laws, norms and values
76
what is peer pressure?
influence from other people lie the person
77
why might a victim survey not give an accurate picture of crimes committed?
didn't know they happened | can be altered by government - bias
78
how has the government tried to reduce anti-social behaviour?
more cctv | police officers dedicated to this purpose
79
how has the government tried to reduce racist behaviour?
education in schools

Sociology (6 decks)

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