Education

Question 1

What is formal schooling?

Answer 1

What we purposefully learn in our lessons at school

Question 2

What is informal schooling?

Answer 2

What we unintentionally learn at school e.g. Respect and manners

Question 3

What happened in the 1870 Edication Act

Answer 3

Ensures all children from 5-11 got primary education in one of three schools

Question 4

What did the 1944 Butler Act do?

Answer 4

Made a three stage structure: 
Primary school
Secondary school
Further education 
Meritocratic system

Question 5

What did the tripartite system do?

Answer 5

‘11 plus exam’ decided which school pupil would go to
Secondary modern
Secondary technical
Grammar school

Question 6

What is material deprivation?

Answer 6

When you are deprived of the basic needs

Question 7

What is cultural deprivation?

Answer 7

When you are deprived of what is normal in your society e.g. wifi

Question 8

How does gender affect achievement?

Answer 8

Girls socialised to be hard working and blend in with all the girly games
Boys socialised to rebel and be more physical and rebellious because it’s ‘cool’

Question 9

How does social class affect achievement?

Answer 9

If you are from a lower social class, you won’t have what you need to succeed as well as you should

Question 10

How has marketisation affected education?

Answer 10

Changed schooling into a market
More money = better school
Happened in 1988 act
Increases inequality

Question 11

What is the meritocracy debate?

Answer 11

Should people be given unequal changes based upon how much work they put in?

Question 12

How does teacher’s attention affect achievement?

Answer 12

More attention a teacher gives, the more help a student gets so the better they do

Question 13

How does setting affect achievement?

Answer 13

Self fulfilling prophecy (do as well as you think)

But can also push more able children

Question 14

How does parental influence affect achievement?

Answer 14

The more help a parent gives a child, the better they are likely to do

Question 15

Characteristics of faith schools

Answer 15

Follow national curriculum but not in PC
focus on religion rather than other subjects
Majority are Christian

Question 16

Characteristics of special needs schools

Answer 16

Only take students with specific and severe educational needs
Improve life skills of pupils like cooking rather than focusing on GCSEs

Question 17

What is testing/setting?

Answer 17

When pupils are put into a class based on their test results

Question 18

Marxist view on education

Answer 18

Beneficial for the powerful

Brainwashes people to follow capitalist norms and values

Question 19

Functionalist view on education

Answer 19

Performs a beneficial role in society as trains the next generation

Question 20

Feminist view on education

Answer 20

Benefits men
Teaches patriarchal norms and values
Restricts certain subjects for women
Follows their career as carers

Question 21

How does ethnicity affect achievement

Answer 21

Peer pressure

Treated differently

Question 22

Role of education today (functionalists)

Answer 22

Social cohesion: keeps Britishness
Social mobility: meritocracy
Serving needs of economy: training workers

Question 23

Marxist beliefs about education

Answer 23

School mirrors work place
Maintains inequality
Hidden curriculum
Teaches norms and values

Question 24

What did Durkeim argue?

Answer 24

The main purpose of education is to prepare us to make a useful contribution to society

Question 25

What is a comprehensive school?

Answer 25

A school open to all pupils, regardless of their background

Question 26

What is a self fulfilling prophecy in terms of school?

Answer 26

If a pupil is told they won't do well because of their background, they won't

Question 27

What is setting?

Answer 27

When pupils are grouped according to their ability

Question 28

How can setting lead to children underachieving?

Answer 28

Those in the lower sets develop an anti-school subculture, where the behaviour is bad and they don't learn

Question 29

What are independent schools?

Answer 29

They can be private or public Parents pay a fee to send their children there They can select their pupils

Question 30

What are special schools?

Answer 30

Schools set up for people with special educational needs

Question 31

What are academies?

Answer 31

Set up by the government | Independent from the local authority

Question 32

What did the Fisher Act of 1918 do?

Answer 32

Made it compulsory for children to be in education until the age of 14

Question 33

What did the Education Reform Act do? 3

Answer 33

Introduced the National Curriculum Introduced key stages Made schools competitive with league tables

Question 34

What are signs of material deprivation at school? 3

Answer 34

No money for textbooks No money for school uniform Nowhere/time to do homework as must care for other family members

Question 35

How does the language barrier impact achievement?

Answer 35

It makes it hard for the pupil and their family too engage with the school

Question 36

How can parental attitudes impact achievement?

Answer 36

If children don't have a role model with good qualifications and a good job, it will discourage them from doing well

Question 37

How can social class impact achievement?

Answer 37

Different social classes have different attitudes concerning education, e.g. Indian families teach their children to work hard and respect teachers

Question 38

How can role modelling impact achievement?

Answer 38

Most teachers are white | This discourages mixed race children from trying

Question 39

How can the curriculum impact achievement?

Answer 39

It is mainly focused around modern countries so people from developing countries don't learn about their heritage

Question 40

Why can teachers cause girls to outperform boys?

Answer 40

Teachers will often label girls as good and boys as bad so they will fulfil these labels

Question 41

Why can masculinity cause girls to outperform boys?

Answer 41

Masculinity is all about being tough and hard so boys are peer pressured to under perform or they are called weak and female

Question 42

What has changed to give girls a better opportunity at school? 3

Answer 42

Equal opportunities Changes in female employment The changing role of women

Question 43

Why can maturity cause girls to outperform boys?

Answer 43

Biologically, girls mature earlier so they are more motivate to achieve

Question 44

How did the tripartite system work?

Answer 44

Children sat an 11+ exam | They would then be sent to grammar schools, technical schools or secondary modern schools

Question 45

Problems with the tripartite system? 2

Answer 45

Labelling pupils resulted in a self fulfilling prophecy Because of the lack of funding, most children who failed the 11+ exam ended up in secondary modern schools. This meant children who had good practical skills weren't being pushed to reach their potential

Question 46

What is the economic role of schools?

Answer 46

They taught children the necessary skills for work

Question 47

Functionalist view on the economic role

Answer 47

Schools teach the necessary skills for our developing society

Question 48

Marxist view on the economic role

Answer 48

It reinforces the class system by ensuring the low class children go into low paid jobs

Question 49

Feminist view on the economic role

Answer 49

Reinforces patriarchy - women are taught to stay at home

Question 50

What is the selective role of schools?

Answer 50

Selecting the most able for the best jobs

Question 51

Feminist view on the selective role

Answer 51

Education pushes children into studying subjects stereotypical for that gender

Question 52

Marxist view on the selective role

Answer 52

They don't believe it provides equal opprotunities

Question 53

Functionalist view on the selective role

Answer 53

It is good, we need the less clever people to do the basic jobs

Question 54

What is the socialisation role of schools?

Answer 54

Teaching pupils norms and values

Question 55

Functionalist view on the socialisation role

Answer 55

This is an important characteristic of a school

Question 56

Marxist view on the socialisation role

Answer 56

It socialises children into accepting the beliefs of the most powerful group

Question 57

Feminist view on the socialisation role

Answer 57

It ensures girls and boys act stereotypically

Question 58

What is the role of social control of schools?

Answer 58

Teaches acceptance of authority

Question 59

Functionalist view on the social control role of schools

Answer 59

There must be social control for society to run smoothly

Question 60

Marxist and feminist view on the social control role of schools

Answer 60

It reflects the views of the most powerful class