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Sociology > Education > Flashcards

Education Flashcards

1
Q

What is formal schooling?

A

What we purposefully learn in our lessons at school

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2
Q

What is informal schooling?

A

What we unintentionally learn at school e.g. Respect and manners

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3
Q

What happened in the 1870 Edication Act

A

Ensures all children from 5-11 got primary education in one of three schools

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4
Q

What did the 1944 Butler Act do?

A 
Made a three stage structure: 
Primary school
Secondary school
Further education 
Meritocratic system
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5
Q

What did the tripartite system do?

A

‘11 plus exam’ decided which school pupil would go to
Secondary modern
Secondary technical
Grammar school

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6
Q

What is material deprivation?

A

When you are deprived of the basic needs

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7
Q

What is cultural deprivation?

A

When you are deprived of what is normal in your society e.g. wifi

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8
Q

How does gender affect achievement?

A

Girls socialised to be hard working and blend in with all the girly games
Boys socialised to rebel and be more physical and rebellious because it’s ‘cool’

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9
Q

How does social class affect achievement?

A

If you are from a lower social class, you won’t have what you need to succeed as well as you should

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10
Q

How has marketisation affected education?

A

Changed schooling into a market
More money = better school
Happened in 1988 act
Increases inequality

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11
Q

What is the meritocracy debate?

A

Should people be given unequal changes based upon how much work they put in?

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12
Q

How does teacher’s attention affect achievement?

A

More attention a teacher gives, the more help a student gets so the better they do

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13
Q

How does setting affect achievement?

A

Self fulfilling prophecy (do as well as you think)

But can also push more able children

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14
Q

How does parental influence affect achievement?

A

The more help a parent gives a child, the better they are likely to do

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15
Q

Characteristics of faith schools

A

Follow national curriculum but not in PC
focus on religion rather than other subjects
Majority are Christian

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16
Q

Characteristics of special needs schools

A

Only take students with specific and severe educational needs
Improve life skills of pupils like cooking rather than focusing on GCSEs

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17
Q

What is testing/setting?

A

When pupils are put into a class based on their test results

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18
Q

Marxist view on education

A

Beneficial for the powerful

Brainwashes people to follow capitalist norms and values

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19
Q

Functionalist view on education

A

Performs a beneficial role in society as trains the next generation

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20
Q

Feminist view on education

A

Benefits men
Teaches patriarchal norms and values
Restricts certain subjects for women
Follows their career as carers

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21
Q

How does ethnicity affect achievement

A

Peer pressure

Treated differently

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22
Q

Role of education today (functionalists)

A

Social cohesion: keeps Britishness
Social mobility: meritocracy
Serving needs of economy: training workers

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23
Q

Marxist beliefs about education

A

School mirrors work place
Maintains inequality
Hidden curriculum
Teaches norms and values

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24
Q

What did Durkeim argue?

A

The main purpose of education is to prepare us to make a useful contribution to society

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25
Q

What is a comprehensive school?

A

A school open to all pupils, regardless of their background

26
Q

What is a self fulfilling prophecy in terms of school?

A

If a pupil is told they won’t do well because of their background, they won’t

27
Q

What is setting?

A

When pupils are grouped according to their ability

28
Q

How can setting lead to children underachieving?

A

Those in the lower sets develop an anti-school subculture, where the behaviour is bad and they don’t learn

29
Q

What are independent schools?

A

They can be private or public
Parents pay a fee to send their children there
They can select their pupils

30
Q

What are special schools?

A

Schools set up for people with special educational needs

31
Q

What are academies?

A

Set up by the government

Independent from the local authority

32
Q

What did the Fisher Act of 1918 do?

A

Made it compulsory for children to be in education until the age of 14

33
Q

What did the Education Reform Act do? 3

A

Introduced the National Curriculum
Introduced key stages
Made schools competitive with league tables

34
Q

What are signs of material deprivation at school? 3

A

No money for textbooks
No money for school uniform
Nowhere/time to do homework as must care for other family members

35
Q

How does the language barrier impact achievement?

A

It makes it hard for the pupil and their family too engage with the school

36
Q

How can parental attitudes impact achievement?

A

If children don’t have a role model with good qualifications and a good job, it will discourage them from doing well

37
Q

How can social class impact achievement?

A

Different social classes have different attitudes concerning education, e.g. Indian families teach their children to work hard and respect teachers

38
Q

How can role modelling impact achievement?

A

Most teachers are white

This discourages mixed race children from trying

39
Q

How can the curriculum impact achievement?

A

It is mainly focused around modern countries so people from developing countries don’t learn about their heritage

40
Q

Why can teachers cause girls to outperform boys?

A

Teachers will often label girls as good and boys as bad so they will fulfil these labels

41
Q

Why can masculinity cause girls to outperform boys?

A

Masculinity is all about being tough and hard so boys are peer pressured to under perform or they are called weak and female

42
Q

What has changed to give girls a better opportunity at school? 3

A

Equal opportunities
Changes in female employment
The changing role of women

43
Q

Why can maturity cause girls to outperform boys?

A

Biologically, girls mature earlier so they are more motivate to achieve

44
Q

How did the tripartite system work?

A

Children sat an 11+ exam

They would then be sent to grammar schools, technical schools or secondary modern schools

45
Q

Problems with the tripartite system? 2

A

Labelling pupils resulted in a self fulfilling prophecy
Because of the lack of funding, most children who failed the 11+ exam ended up in secondary modern schools. This meant children who had good practical skills weren’t being pushed to reach their potential

46
Q

What is the economic role of schools?

A

They taught children the necessary skills for work

47
Q

Functionalist view on the economic role

A

Schools teach the necessary skills for our developing society

48
Q

Marxist view on the economic role

A

It reinforces the class system by ensuring the low class children go into low paid jobs

49
Q

Feminist view on the economic role

A

Reinforces patriarchy - women are taught to stay at home

50
Q

What is the selective role of schools?

A

Selecting the most able for the best jobs

51
Q

Feminist view on the selective role

A

Education pushes children into studying subjects stereotypical for that gender

52
Q

Marxist view on the selective role

A

They don’t believe it provides equal opprotunities

53
Q

Functionalist view on the selective role

A

It is good, we need the less clever people to do the basic jobs

54
Q

What is the socialisation role of schools?

A

Teaching pupils norms and values

55
Q

Functionalist view on the socialisation role

A

This is an important characteristic of a school

56
Q

Marxist view on the socialisation role

A

It socialises children into accepting the beliefs of the most powerful group

57
Q

Feminist view on the socialisation role

A

It ensures girls and boys act stereotypically

58
Q

What is the role of social control of schools?

A

Teaches acceptance of authority

59
Q

Functionalist view on the social control role of schools

A

There must be social control for society to run smoothly

60
Q

Marxist and feminist view on the social control role of schools

A

It reflects the views of the most powerful class

Sociology (6 decks)

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