crime : crime prevention (social) Flashcards
(8 cards)
Give two background studies for crime prevention
- Zimbardo: left two cars without a license plate one in palo alto and another in the bronx
- car was vandalized after 10 minutes in the Bronx and after a day almost everything had been removed
- car in palo alto was not damaged for a whole week then zimbardo smashed a window and came back and car was completely vandalised
- Bratton: no tolerance policy
- cracking down on minor crimes to reduce offense in more serious crimes
- 7000 police were released and crimes reduced by 25%
what is the broken window theory?
Wilson and Kelling - disorderly neighbours lead to serious crime because people don’t care
What theory did Newman develop?
- Defensible spaces
1) Zone of territory e.g fences
2) Surveillance e.g big windows so easily spotted
3) Image-ownership
4) Milieu
what is the background for Wilson + Kelling?
- New Jersey announced a ‘Safe and Clean Neighbourhood Program’
- more police officers patrolling and showing a presence
- review after 5 years
- no decrease in crime rates but neighbours felt safer
what is the aim for Willison +kelling?
To outline how features of neighbourhoods can influence crime rates, the changing role of the police in the US, and strategies for maintaining order
Outline the procedure for Wilson and Kelling?
- an article with 3 parts to it
1) Safe neighbourhoods:
- people scared of crime so remain inside
- foot patrols aimed to decrease fear
→ kelling joined them
→ It was seen that there were regulars
→ there were INFORMAL RULES
→ only arrested if they broke the informal rules
2) changing roles of police officers:
→ police officer roles changed from order maintenance to law enforcement
→ meaning that rather than maintaining order they found and arrested people
→ uncertainty if this was true role
→ suggestions made that included, citizen patrols, minimal police involvement, further variations
3) maintaining order:
- strategies
- off duty officers
What are the applications for crime prevention?
- target hardening: designed to alter the cost benefit of committing a crime
- eyes on posters
-brown: CCTVS 56% reduced crime in Newcastle - Denying beniftis
- facilitating complience
- stimulating conscious : stickers
- ## Crowe (1991) – Neighbourhood Watch Programme