crime : crime prevention (social)

Question 1

Give two background studies for crime prevention

Answer 1

• Zimbardo: left two cars without a license plate one in palo alto and another in the bronx
  
  • car was vandalized after 10 minutes in the Bronx and after a day almost everything had been removed
  • car in palo alto was not damaged for a whole week then zimbardo smashed a window and came back and car was completely vandalised
• Bratton: no tolerance policy
  
  • cracking down on minor crimes to reduce offense in more serious crimes
  • 7000 police were released and crimes reduced by 25%

Question 2

what is the broken window theory?

Answer 2

Wilson and Kelling - disorderly neighbours lead to serious crime because people don’t care

Question 4

What theory did Newman develop?

Answer 4

• Defensible spaces

1) Zone of territory e.g fences
2) Surveillance e.g big windows so easily spotted
3) Image-ownership
4) Milieu

Question 5

what is the background for Wilson + Kelling?

Answer 5

• New Jersey announced a ‘Safe and Clean Neighbourhood Program’
• more police officers patrolling and showing a presence
• review after 5 years
• no decrease in crime rates but neighbours felt safer

Question 6

what is the aim for Willison +kelling?

Answer 6

To outline how features of neighbourhoods can influence crime rates, the changing role of the police in the US, and strategies for maintaining order

Question 7

Outline the procedure for Wilson and Kelling?

Answer 7

• an article with 3 parts to it

1) Safe neighbourhoods:
- people scared of crime so remain inside
- foot patrols aimed to decrease fear
→ kelling joined them
→ It was seen that there were regulars
→ there were INFORMAL RULES
→ only arrested if they broke the informal rules

2) changing roles of police officers:
→ police officer roles changed from order maintenance to law enforcement
→ meaning that rather than maintaining order they found and arrested people
→ uncertainty if this was true role
→ suggestions made that included, citizen patrols, minimal police involvement, further variations

3) maintaining order:
- strategies
- off duty officers

Question 8

What are the applications for crime prevention?

Answer 8

• target hardening: designed to alter the cost benefit of committing a crime
• eyes on posters
  -brown: CCTVS 56% reduced crime in Newcastle
• Denying beniftis
• facilitating complience
• stimulating conscious : stickers
• ## Crowe (1991) – Neighbourhood Watch Programme