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mental health - alternatives to the medical model Flashcards

(25 cards)

1
Q

what does the behaviourist perspective believe?

A

assumes that all behavior is learned from the environment and argues that classical and operant conditioning and social learning theory can treat and give explanations for mental illnesses

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2
Q

what is classical conditioning and what does it lead to?

A
  • learning by association
  • believes how phobias develop
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3
Q

what study backs up classical conditioning

A
  • Little albert
    associating a white mouse with loud noises
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4
Q

what is operant conditioning and how does it link to mental illness?

A
  • learning by consequences and rewards
  • negative reinforcement leads to the phobia to remain and develop e.g removing phobia
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5
Q

what is social learning theory and how does it link to mental illness

A
  • people imitate what they see
  • children copy parents who deal with situations in an unhealthy way
  • mostly obvious in depression
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6
Q

how can classical conditioning be used as a treatment for phobias in the behaviourist approach?

A

associate the phobia with a good thing

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7
Q

give a treatment for phobias in the behaviourist approach

A
  • systematic desensitization
  • get the participants to write 10 things they would want to be able to achieve by the end
  • and start slowly working through it
  • teaching them relaxing techniques they can use
  • before moving onto next stage they have to give a number out of 10 on how they are feeling and has to be below 3 to move on
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8
Q

Outline Lewinsohns study

A
  • used operant conditioning for depression
  • asked parents to only reinforce non-depressive behaviours on teenagers
  • levels dropped to 52%
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9
Q

what does the cognitive approach believe?

A

All mental illnesses can be traced to faulty thinking patterns (schemas) and can be rectified by changing these thinking patterns

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10
Q

what is Becks triad?
and the example for depression

A

a negative triad

negative views about the world
-Ve views about future
-ve views about self

e.g
1. I am worthless
2. Everything I do will fail
3. the future is hopeless

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11
Q

what is Ellis ABC model?

A

ABC model of cognitive behavioural therapy

a - activating agent
b -belifes about event
c - consequences

normal
a - external
b - rational
c - positive

depression
a- internal
b - irrational
c - negative

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12
Q

give examples of some cognitive distortions

A
  • over generalizing
  • all or nothing
  • Catastrophization
  • Filtering
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13
Q

give one treatment in the cognitive approach

A

CBT - cognitive behavioural therapy
- combines behavioural and cognitive
- cognitive techniques address thinking patterns and behavioural help change behaviours
- individually or in groups
- focus on present rather than past
- practice strategies ( given things to practice)
- taught over 6 - 12 sessions

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14
Q

what does the humanistic approach believe?

A

Maslow believes all people are born with the ability to be mentally healthy. Every person is born with the innate desire to self-actualise if they have freewill, self esteem and self worth. anything preventing the person growing and self-actualising is what can cause social or mental problems.

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15
Q

what does self-actualise mean?

A

become the best version of yourself

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16
Q

how does someone reach self-actualisation?

A

their ideal self has to match their perceived self

17
Q

what are conditions of worth?

A

conditions that we have to meet for us to feel we are of worth

18
Q

what is unconditional positive regard?

A

the knowledge that we are loved no matter what we do

19
Q

what is the humanistic approach treatment for depression?

A
  • client - centered therapy
  • focusing on raising self-esteem
  • therapist gives client unconditional positive regard and is genuine and empathic
  • help to reach self actualisation
  • could include removing conditions of worth
  • therapist does not tell them what to do but give them time and suggestions to make own choices
20
Q

what was the title of szasz essay and when was it published?

A
  • myth of mental illness
  • 1960s
21
Q

what did szasz claim in his essay?

A
  • claimed treating mental illness as a condition was wrong and they were just behaving differently
  • treating the illnesses was simply to make society feel more comfortable rather than actually help the patients themselves
  • Mental illness is not the same as physical illness
  • mental patients are treated no better than prisoners
22
Q

What was the reconsideration of Szasz in 2010?

A
  • It is a false belief that all mental illness can be diagnosed accurately and treated successfully
  • Political and economic factors have labelled mental health as a disease
  • mental illness is just the judgement of others behaviours
  • Mental illness is not caused by biological factors and should not be treated medically. People should be understood and helped to overcome their obstacles with respect
23
Q

What does Szasz mean that there is “no such thing as mental illness”?

A
  • Medical and political construct
  • A way of labelling behaviour that society doesn’t understand or like
  • Physical illnesses can be misdiagnosed as mental illnesses
24
Q

What does Szasz mean by “the medicalisation of disturbing or disturbed behaviours”?

A
  • No such thing as mental illness
  • Mental illness describes behaviours that disturb others or the self
  • He says if there is a biological cause, then it was never a mental illness but an undiagnosed bodily illness
  • Coercive treatment forced
25
What does Szasz mean when he says mental illness is a metaphor?
- Disturbed/abnormal behaviour - Behaviour that society doesn’t like or understand