Crime & Punishment Flashcards
(27 cards)
Arson
Noun uncountable
/ˈɑr sən/
The criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property
آتش زدن، ایجاد حریق عمدی
The school was destroyed in an arson attack.
- Arsonist noun countable
someone who commits the crime of arson
Arsonists were arrested by police.
Burglary
bur·glr·ee
Noun countable and uncountable
burglar
the crime of getting into a building to steal things
دزدی سرقت
Most burglaries occur when a house or apartment is empty.
*charged with burglary
He was charged with burglary.
Burglar is a person who commits burglary.
burglar alarm دزدگیر
Crime
Noun countable and uncountable
[uncountable] illegal activities in general
A town with a relatively low crime rate
Don’t use ‘the crime’ when talking about illegal activities in general. You say:
Crime has increased dramatically.
✗Don’t say: The crime has increased dramatically.
[countable] an illegal action, which can be punished by law
men who have been found guilty of violent crimes
- commit (a) crime
He insisted that he had not committed any crime - carry out a crime
The boy admitted that he’d carried out the crime. - be tough on crime
سخت گیری در برابر جرم
Some people believe that being tough on crime will reduce the crime rate
*combat crime مبارزه با جرم
The government has introduced new policies to combat crime in urban areas
- crime against
جرم علیه
Arson is a crime against property
Fraud
Noun countable and uncountable
the crime of deceiving people in order to gain something such as money or goods
She was found guilty of fraud.
He committed multiple frauds, including identity theft and insurance fraud.
*Tax, insurance, credit card etc fraud.
*fraudulent adjective
کلاهبردار متقلب فریب آمیز
Some of us know all about that. Fraudulent claims are increasing.
Fraudulent claim ادعای تقلب آمیز
Vandalism
/ˈvændəl-ɪzəm/
Noun uncountable
وحشیگری خرابکاری
the crime of deliberately damaging things, especially public property
“Football hooligans committed an act of vandalism after the match.”
Kidnapping noun
Kidnap verb
Kidnapper noun
American with one p
آدم ربایی
He was arrested for planning a kidnapping.
Murder noun c,unc / verb
Murderer noun
Murderous adj
Murderously adv
قتل آدم کشی
کشتن به قتل رساندن
Verb ,
He was convicted of murdering a policeman.
Noun,
Police are searching for the murder weapon.
*commit (a) murder مرتکب قتل
It’s a serious crime to commit murder and the penalties are severe.
*be guilty of murder
The police believed he was guilty of murder, but they lacked enough evidence for a conviction.
- accuse somebody of murder
متهم کردن
He was accused of both murders.
*charge somebody with murder
Is there enough evidence to charge him with murder?
*investigate a murder
——————————-
his brother’s murderer
——————————-
کشنده
a murderous attack
Pickpocket
Pickpocketing
Noun
جیب بر
جیب بری
There are a lot of pickpockets in the subway.
Smuggle verb
Smuggling noun
Smuggler noun
قاچاق کردن
قاچاق
قاچاقچی
The guns were smuggled across the border.
They claimed the government knew about the arms smuggling.
A drug smuggler
Swear verb
Swearing noun
Sworn adj , p.p swear
فحش دادن
ناسزا و فحش
زبان ناسزا
Don’t swear in front of the children.
He was cautioned for swearing.
He was kicked out of the restaurant for using sworn language in front of the children.
Petty crime
Trivial
crime that is not very serious
Petty crimes include vandalism, pickpocketing ,
Immigrants were blamed for the increase in petty crime.
Criminal noun / adjective
ˈkrɪmɪnəl
صفت : جنایی کیفری گناهکار
اسم: بزهکار جنایتکار
Adj
Experts cannot agree on the causes of criminal behaviour.
I was sure he was involved in some kind of criminal activity.
She has not committed a criminal offence (=a crime).
He was arrested and charged with criminal damage (=damaging someone’s property illegally).
Criminal court, criminal justice system , criminal laws کیفری
Noun: guilty of a crime
Police have described the man as a violent and dangerous criminal.
Violate verb
Violation noun
Violent adjective
Violence noun
Verb نقض کردن شکستن
Disobey break
Thirty-four protesters were arrested for violating criminal law.
Violation نقض تخلف تجاوز
a violation of international law
Violent خشن شدید
Violence خشونت شدت
the increase in violent crime
violence against women
Enforce verb
Enforcement noun
Enforceable adjective
Implement, apply اجرا کردن وادار کردن مجبور کردن
Governments make laws and the police enforce them.
“Police” is a collective noun but is considered plural in English, meaning we use a plural verb with it.
*enforce a law
He wants the police to enforce the law and arrest the men.
*enforce a rule/regulation
The rules are strictly enforced.
*enforce discipline
You have to enforce classroom discipline or there is chaos.
*enforce sanctions
Enforcement: اجرا انجام فشار
Law enforcement
Justice in Rio is normally so slow that the effect on law enforcement is almost negligible.
Enforceable قابل اجرا
The recommendations are not legally enforceable.
Conscious adjective
Opposite of unconscious
Consciousness noun
Opposite of unconsciousness
Consciously != unconsciously
Subconscious adjective noun
Aware آگاه هوشیار not before noun
I became conscious of someone watching me.
I was very conscious of the fact that I had to make a good impression.
Consciousness هوشیاری
Uncountable
David lost consciousness (=went into a deep sleep) at eight o’clock and died a few hours later.
- lose consciousness
As she fell, she hit her head and lost consciousness for several minutes.
*return to consciousness
Countable»_space;> a state of consciousness
Subconscious ناخودآگاه نیمه هوشیار
a subconscious fear of failure
ترس ناخودآگاه از شکست
Elusive adjective
Difficult to find, difficult to describe, difficult to achieve
گریزان مبهم دشوار سخت فهم
The reasons behind crime remain elusive.
The nature of things was to be elusive.
Deter verb
dɪˈtɜː
Deterrent noun adjective
Countable
dɪˈterənt
ترساندن بازداشتن
Syn : put off تو انگلیسی روزمره از این
استفاده میشه
Don’t let a few problems put you off.
- deter somebody from (doing) something
The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing.
Deterrent
Noun منع شونده
Adjective بازدارنده منع کننده
*deterrent to/for/against
Noun
Window locks are an effective deterrent against burglars.
The threat of punishment acts as a deterrent to crime.
High prices can be a deterrent to buying luxury items
Adjective
The government implemented deterrent measures against corruption.
Offend verb
/əˈfend/
Offence (british) offense (anerican) noun
Offensive adjective
معانی اذیت کردن رنجاندن صدمه زدن میده ولی اینجا ما این معنیش رو بررسی میکنیم ::
Commit a crime
Many of the young men here are likely to offend again.
Offense قانون شکنی
an illegal action or a crime
He had committed the offence of dangerous driving.
Offensive:توهین آمیز
His offensive behavior at the party caused a lot of discomfort
Prevent verb
Prevention noun
Preventative adjective
Preventable adjective
Prevention پیشگیری جلوگیری
Prevention of crime, accident
Preventative جلوگیری کننده
Preventable قابل پیشگیری
Prison noun
Imprison verb
Prisoner noun
Imprisonment noun
ɪmˈprɪzənmənt
Imprison زندانی کردن
Two of the boys have been imprisoned for theft.
Prisoner زندانی
The organization is arguing for the release of political prisoners
Imprisonment حبس
They were sentenced to 6 years’ imprisonment.
Convict verb noun
Verb محکوم کردن متهم کردن
She was convicted of shoplifting
He was convicted on fraud charges.
Convict a criminal یک جنایتکار را محکوم کردن
Noun محکوم مجرم
an escaped convict
Punish verb
Punishment noun
Punishable adjective
مجازات کردن تنبیه کردن
They deserve to be punished for putting passengers at risk.
The punishment for treason is death.
*harsh/severe
The court decided the original punishment was too severe.
Punishable مجازات پذیر قابل مجازات
Violation of the act was punishable by a fine of one thousand dollars or imprisonment for one year, or both.
Impose
تحمیل کردن
Impose a fine, tax, ban, …
Impose sth on sth
The court can impose a fine.
The government imposed a ban on the sale of ivory.
Sometimes a special tax is imposed on foreign residents.
In everyday English, people usually say put a ban/tax/burden/strain on something rather than impose a ban/tax/burden/strain on something:
The government put a higher tax on cigarettes.
Law noun
- by law طبق قانون
By law, seat belts must be worn by all passengers. - law against قوانین مربوط به
The laws against drug use were very strict. - law of
the laws of football - obey the law
Citizens have a duty to obey the law. - break the law
Is the company breaking the law? - pass a law تصویب کردن قانون
New Jersey passed a law requiring helmets for scooter riders. - make laws قانون وضع کردن
Part of the function of Parliament is to make laws. - enforce the law اجرا کردن قانون
It is the job of the police to enforce the law. - criminal law
Criminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery. - abide by laws , rules /əˈbaɪd/
رعایت کردن پیروی کردن
If you want to work here, you must abide by the company’s rules.
Citizens must abide by the law to maintain order in society.
law-abiding citizen شهروند قانون مدار
many law-abiding citizens believe that our existing laws are just not tough enough .
*abolish /əˈbɒl ɪʃ/ لغو کردن
The government decided to abolish the death penalty.
Perhaps it’s time to start introducing new laws rather than abolishing them .
