Crimm Chappy 5 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the correlates of crime?
clue: 6
Age, gender, ethno-racial background, drug misuse, socioeconomic status, spatial location
Why are Y/A disportpotionately involved in crime?
Maturational reform
older people are more skilled at avoiding detection/physically cannot perform crime/have more incentive to conform
Describe age as a correlate? who is involved? what kind of crime is it?
Y/A disproportionately involved in crime
these crimes are mostly non-violent but 12 to 24 commit disproportionate number of homicides
What are the peak ages for criminal behaviour?
17 - 19
Describe gender as a correlate?
Males are more likely to be charged than females because females have child-rearing responsibilities
How do race, gender and age rank in terms of stregth of correlation?
Age and Gender before Race
what is the overepresentation of certain groups influenced by? give examples
Location
Praries: Aboriginal
Toronto/Nova Scotia: African Canadians
What disadvantages does the average african canadian face in terms of the police?
Police focus group findings: more likely to be stopped/searched and face harsher sentencing
What are the two explenations for the overepresentation of minorities in CJS? (theories)
Differential offending hypothesis: some groups engage in more crime
Differential treatment hypothesis: certain groups are treated differently by CJS
What percetage of the Canadian population is aboriginal in decent? why is this proplematic?
4% - much higher proportion of the prison population
In 1997-1998 a specific group of aboriginal people increased in custody, which is it?
Youth, especially female
What problems does the aboriginal population face with regards to the CJS?
Bail, pre-trial detention, multiple charges, representation/lawyer, gulity plea, incarceration
What are the structural theories that explain the overepresentation of aboriginal people in the CJS? Define them
clue: 3
Colonial model:
Inequalities arising from colonization still influence system
Historic Trauma
Transmission Model:
Trauma/Effect still lingers in system and feeds mistrust/stereotypes
Critical race theory
System is set up to disadvantage some groups / the law in application represents subjective influence.
What factors link drug and alchohol misuse as a correlate of crime?
Inebriation = impaired judgement = crime
Pocession = Crime
Supporting addiction = crime
Some stats
What percent of inmates enter with substance abuse issues?
What percent of federal inmates enter with substance abuse issues?
1) 75%
2) 50%
what factors constitute socio - economic status as a correlate of crime?
According to sumplemental education services: education, income and occupation
(education/poverty linked to crime)
Describe spatial location as a correlate of crime?
Different areas = different rates of crime
