Crimm Chappy 6 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Problems with traditional crimm? (in eyes of feminists) what needs to change?
Too male centered, violence against women isn’t crime
Need to look at gender in itself in relation to crime
Move women/analysis of gender to center
What two paths did the critique on early theories take?
1) Focus on sexism in theories that are used to explain women’s crime
2) Explenation of invisibility of women in mainstream theories (why they are discounted)
Describe the conservative approach?
Focuses on biological differences between men and women - women viewed as naturally inferior
Describe Lombroso’s conservative approach?
Criminal female = not as advanced along evolutionary continuum
Vile and cruel - lacking in “maternal” and “ladylike qualities
1985
Describe W.I Thomas’ conservative approach
Human behaviour = expression of biological instincts
Women have more varieties of love in nervous system which accounts for most female crime
What would a feminist crimm have to say about the conservative approach?
It contributes to myths/folktales about women’s behaviour
Reflects assumptions of dual nature of women
(good/bad girl + sexual promiscuity as a bad thing)
Fails to consider structural features of society/gender roles (equates biological sex with cultural gender)
Define the liberal approach? when was it developed?
Biological to cultural
Role theory : socialisation has allot to do with lower rates of violent crime among women (but higher rates in petty theft/property crime)
1970s
What liberal approach did Hagan develop?
Power control theory
Patriarchal = greater gender difference in delinquency (M more than F)
Egalitarian = gender difference in delinquency is scant (M equal to F)
Problems with mainstream theories of crime? (from feminist viewpoint)
Fails to account for women’s crime - theories are weak if they only account for half of the population
Define generalization problem?
Can mainstream theories pertaining to men be made to “fit” women
What is the gender ration problem?
What explains the sex difference in rates of arrest, are women treated more leniently by the cjs and why are women less likely to be criminals.
Define the women’s liberation thesis? why is it problematic?
Female criminality more closely resemble men’s with women participating more in workforce
Critique: looks at males as the norm; does not distinguish women & lower class women have always been in the workforce
What does the feminist approach claim to do?
Look at women’s crime from outside mainstream view point - not taking typical crime categories as starting point
Views lives of criminilized women in a broader social context characterized by inequalities of class, race and gender
Who is the criminlized women?
Young, poor, undereducated and unskilled
Talk to me about the cultural construction of rape?
All the obvious reasons (ex: she’s asking for it) + Stereotypes abt offenders = underreporting, high acquittal rates & light sentencing
Results from sexuality/sex being largely defined by male experience (phallocentric)
What is meant by double victimisation?
Humaliatio of assault and further pain of reporting
Slut walks?
York Uni Speaker (police, 2011) - women should dress more modestly: protest was organized, movement spread over 200 countries
What was the laws role in condoning violence against women?
Old rape laws - (changed in 1983) women are property, excludes husbands from blame
Needed corroborating evidence to have charges laid
Women’s sex life used as ammunition - more character questioned
Judge Robin Camp: “why didn’t you keep your knees together?”
What is the doctrine of recent complaint?
If act is reported as soon as possible victim is more credible
Feminist approach to domestic violence?
Public not private matter
Changes in law since 1983 ammendments?
More services for victims/more criminal charges laid by police
Bill c-49- sexual history is non-admissible evidence + provides explanation of consent
O’Connor decision - women’s therapist must hand notes over to court
Limited by Bill c-46
Some Stats
How many women assaulted in lifetime?
How many battered?
How many sexual assaults reported?
1) 1 in 5
2) 1 in 10
3) 1 in 10
Examples of female criminals?
Karla Homolka - half of a killer couple
Kelly Ellard - killer teen
Elizabeth Wettlaufer - killer nurse
What happened in montreal?
14 women shot dead by anti-feminist
