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Flight School > Cross-Country Flight Planning > Flashcards

Cross-Country Flight Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Required Preflight Cross Country
NW KRAFT

A

NOTAMS
Weather Reports & Forecasts
Known ATC Delays
Runway Lengths
Alternatives if planned flight cannot be completed
Fuel Requirements
Takeoff/Landing Distance Data

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2
Q

VFR Aeronautical Charts

A

Sectional Charts - visual nav for slow-medium speed aircraft. Revised every 56 days. 1in= 6.86 NM

VFR Terminal Area Charts- Class B Airspace with more detail. Revised every 56 days. 1 in= 3.43NM

VFR Flyaway Planning Charts- Reverse side of TAC, flight paths and altitudes recommended for use to bypass high traffic areas

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3
Q

Chart Supplement

A

Updates visual charts between editions

Pilots should review info on each airport:
Location, elevation, runways, lighting, available services, UNICOM, frequencies, traffic info, remarks, pert info

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4
Q

NOTAMs

A

Notice to Air Missions

Time critical aeronautical info, temporary or to be published later

Find at FNS NOTAM Search, faa.gov, or from FSS, 1800WXBrief, FIS-B

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5
Q

NOTAM classes

A

Domestic NOTAM- for all navigational facilities part of NAS listed in Chart Supplement

FDC NOTAM- regulatory info, certain US security activities/requirements, TFRs, laser light activity, amendments to IAPs

International NOTAM- duplicate data found in domestic, received from other country stored in FAA database

Military NOTAM- military or joint use facilities

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6
Q

3 Ways to Navigate

A

Pilotage (reference to visible landmarks and compares to chart)

Dead Reckoning (computing direction and distance from known position based on time, airspeed, distance, and direction)

Radio Navigation (using radio aids)

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7
Q

Factors for route of flight

A

Airspace (classes & requirments)

Airports (suitable for diversion and services)

Terrain & Obstacle Clearance (overfly obstacles?)

Navigation/communication capability (availability of Landmarks, VOR facilities)

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8
Q

Factors for selecting cruise altitude

A

Trip length (longer flight, higher alt for fuel consumption. Shorter, lower, less climb)

Winds aloft

A/C performance (time to climb, TAS, limitations)

Terrain & Obstacles

Gliding distance (higher better for emergencies)

VFR Cruise Alt above 3K AGL

Airspace

Weather

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9
Q

MEF

A

Maximum Elevation Figure

Highest elevation in quadrant to nearest 100ft, thousands and hundreds of ft above mean sea level

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10
Q

Flying Above Wildlife Refuge, park, forest

A

2K feet above surface

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11
Q

Latitude

A

Parallels, north and south of equator in degrees, minutes, seconds

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12
Q

Longitude

A

Meridians, east and west of Prime Meridian in degrees, minutes, seconds

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13
Q

UTC Conversion

A

Pacific +8 hours (+7 in daylight savings)

Eastern 5
Central 6
Mountain 7
Pacific 8
Alaska 9
Hawaii 10

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14
Q

Measure direction

A

Meridians, one point to another in degrees

True course taken at meridian near midpoint of course because meridians coverage near poles

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15
Q

Course v Heading

A

Course- intended path of a/c over earth

Heading- direction nose is pointing during flight with WCA applied

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16
Q

Magnetic Variation

A

Compass error from magnetic North Pole and geographic North Pole

E/W Variation

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17
Q

Isogonic Line

A

Broken magneta line, connect points of equal magnetic variation

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18
Q

Converting True Course/Heading to Magnetic

A

Magnetic Variation

East is least, subtract
West is best, add

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19
Q

Magnetic Deviation

A

Magnetic influences within a/c itself, diff for each a/c, found on deviation card

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20
Q

Final Compass Heading Formula

A

TC +- WCA = TH +- V = MH +- D = CH

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21
Q

VFR Flight Plan Requirements

A

A/C Identification Number/Call Sign
Type of Aircraft
Full name and address of PIC
Point and proposed time of departure
Proposed route, cruising altitude, TAS
Point of first intended landing
Amount of fuel on board (in hours)
Number of persons on board
Any other info pilot deems necessary

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22
Q

Flight Plan Activated:

A

Filed and activated with FSS
Control tower does not auto activate or close, pilots responsibility

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23
Q

DVFR

A

Defense VFR into ADIZ and required to file DVFR flight plan for security purposes

24
Q

Search and Rescue when flight plan not closed

A

Fail to cancel, search and rescue starts one half-hour after ETA

25
Q

VOR/VORTAC

A

Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range, 360 radials in all directions.

Almost all VOR also VORTAC (VHF Tactical Air Nav) providing standard bearing info and distance

Reception subject to line of sight restrictions

26
Q

VOR Radial

A

Magnetic bearing, projects 360 radials from the station

27
Q

VOR NAVAIDs

A

Terminal (T) 1K-12K 25NM
Low Alt (L) 1K-18K 40NM
High Alt (H) 1K-60K 40, 100, 130NM
VOR Low (VL) 1k-18k 40 70NM
VOR High (VH) 1k-60k 40-130NM

28
Q

DME

A

Distance measuring equipment , Ultra high frequency

960MHz-1215MHz
Distances up to 199NM

29
Q

New DME Standard Service Volumes

A

DME Low (DL) up to 12,900 feet ATH (above transmitter height) to 18K 130NM

DME High (DH) up to 12900, up to 60Kn100NM 45K 130NM

30
Q

RAIM

A

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
Self monitoring of GPS receiver, requires at least 5 GPS Satelites for IFR

use manufacturer supplied RAIM prediction tool or SAPT

without RAIM pilot has no assurance accuracy of GPS

Refer to POH/AFM tondetermine limitations and operating procedures for GPS

31
Q

GPS receiver

A

3 satellites lat & long
4 lat long altitude
5 3D and RAIM
6 same but isolates corrupt signals

32
Q

WAAS

A

Wide Area Augmentation System
Ground and satellite navigational error correction system

33
Q

VFR Waypoints

A

Position awareness while navigating visually in aircraft, five letter identifier starting with VP

34
Q

ADS-B

A

Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast

Aircraft can be detected, broadcasts gps position and altitude, velocity over data link

35
Q

Transponder

A

Airborne Radar Beacon Receiver/Transmitter

36
Q

4 types Radar Service

A

Basic- VFR safety alerts, traffic advisories, limited radar vectoring when requested

TRSA- same but also sequencing of IFR and participating VFR

Class C- same as TRSA but all IFR and VFR

CLASS b- same as C but also based on weight

37
Q

Transponder modes

A

Mode A 4-digit code
Mode C position & pressure alt
Mode S same and permits data exchange

38
Q

Notable Transponder Codes

A

1200 VFR
7500 Hijack
7600 communications Failure
7700 emergency

39
Q

no GPS or DME how to find alternate

A

Straight edge & compass from nearby VOR
Approx distance with straight edge
Divert over prominent ground feature (immediately if emergency)
Note time, use winds aloft to calculate heading and GS then use those to determine ETA and fuel consumption
Priority to flying aircraft
Altitude consider clouds, terrain, radio

40
Q

Cannot locate position

A

Climb, Communicate, Confess, Comply

Higher Alt, 121.5 if no other frequency, let them know problem, follow instructions

41
Q

ARTCC

A

Air Route Traffic Control Center
ATC service to aircraft on IFR within controlled airspace, workload permitting VFR

42
Q

ELT

A

Emergency Locator Transmitter
Operates on 121.5, 243.0, and 406MHz

Tested during first 5 mins of any hour

43
Q

Inflight Emergency Part 91 Pilot Rules

A

PIC directly responsible and final authority to operation of aircraft, may deviate from any rule in Part 91 required by emergency, and shall upon request send written report of deviation to administrator

44
Q

Dropping Objects

A

No dropping of objects that create hazard to persons or property unless reasonable precautions taken to avoid injury and damage

45
Q

Formation Flight

A

Cannot fly close enough to cause collision
Cannot fly formation without prior arrangement of each pilot
No formation with passengers

46
Q

Max airspeed below 10K

A

250knots

47
Q

Minimum Safe Altitude congested area

A

Not below 1000 ft above highest obstacle and 2000 ft horizontal

48
Q

Non congested minimum altitude

A

No lower than 500 ft above surface and in open water or sparsely populated no closer than 500 ft to any person, vessel, vehicle, and structure

49
Q

Minimum Safe Altitude

A

An altitude if power fails an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on surface

50
Q

Below 18,000 ft cruising altitude maintained referencing altimeter set to

A

Barometric pressure 31.00 inHg or less must maintain cruising altitude by reference to an altimeter of current reported setting of station along route and within 100nm of aircraft

51
Q

Altimeter setting not available

A

Use elevation of departure airport or appropriate alt setting before departure

52
Q

Fuel VFR Day

A

Be able to fly at least 30 mins past first point of intended landing

53
Q

Fuel VFR Night

A

Fly 45 mins after first intended point of landing

54
Q

Supplemental Oxygen

A

Above 12,500 ft-14,000 more than 30 mins must be provided with and use supp oxygen

Above 14,000 MSL entire flight time flight crew provided with and uses supp oxygen

Above 15,000 MSL each occupant provided with supp oxygen

55
Q

Aerobatic Flight

A

Intentional maneuver with abrupt change in aircraft altitude, abnormal attitude, abnormal acceleration

56
Q

Parachutes required

A

Bank angle 60 or nose up/down
attitude 30 relative to horizon

Unless flight test

Flight School (16 decks)

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