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Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 (Year 12 MEV) > Crusading c.1095-c.1129 > Flashcards

Crusading c.1095-c.1129 Flashcards

1
Q

Who betrayed the city of Antioch to the First crusaders in June 1098?

A

Firouz

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2
Q

Which people attempted to forge an alliance with the First crusaders at Antioch?

A

Fatimids

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3
Q

Which battle resulted in the decisive defeat of Kilij Arslan during the First Crusade?

A

Dorylaeum

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4
Q

Which person accompanied the First crusaders as Alexius’ representative and guide?

A

Taticius

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5
Q

What was helpful to the morale of the First crusaders in the battle with Kerbogha at Antioch?

A

Holy Lance

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6
Q

Whose military skill was decisive at Dorylaeum and Antioch on the First Crusade?

A

Bohemond

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7
Q

Which Muslim leader’s dispute with his brother Duqaq of Damascus, hampered efforts to defeat the crusaders?

A

Ridwan

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8
Q

Which city had just recently been recaptured by the Fatimids when the crusaders arrived?

A

Jerusalem

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9
Q

The collapse of what in Syria and Palestine made the First Crusade easier?

A

Seljuk Empire

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10
Q

Where did the First crusaders pull down the walls to force their leaders to push on?

A

Ma’arrat

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11
Q

What were of vital importance to the First crusaders at Jerusalem?

A

Siege Equipment

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12
Q

Which Byzantine territory was essential to provisioning the First Crusaders at Antioch?

A

Cyprus

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13
Q

Which city was captured in Baldwin II’s reign (1124) with the aid of Venice?

A

Tyre

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14
Q

Which crusader state received least support from Europe and was most exposed?

A

County of Edessa

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15
Q

Which crusader state received the most support from Western Europe and pilgrims?

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem

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16
Q

Which group led a minor crusade that assisted in the capture of Sidon in 1110?

A

Norwegians

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17
Q

The extermination of which force did much to limit crusading enthusiasm?

A

Crusade of 1101

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18
Q

What was a desire to travel to holy places, the most important of which was Jerusalem?

A

Pilgrimage

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19
Q

When was the council of Clermont that launched the First Crusade?

A

November 1095

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20
Q

What event in 1096 demonstrates the religious piety of humbler people?

A

People’s Crusade

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21
Q

What was a promise made to crusaders that previous sins would be wiped clean if they took part?

A

Remittance of sins

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22
Q

What meant that Christians saw their actions as justified and holy rather than the sin of murder?

A

Sanctified violence

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23
Q

What was the clash between killing and sin that was solved by sanctified violence such as crusading or holy war?

A

Knightly dilemma

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24
Q

What were natural phenomena ascribed to God giving direct instructions to undertake the First crusade?

A

Signs and Wonders

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25
Q

Which charismatic preacher and leader of the People’s crusade in 1096 was religiously motivated?

A

Peter the Hermit

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26
Q

What motivating factor can best be seen in the actions of Bohemond, Tancred and Baldwin on the First Crusade?

A

Economic greed

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27
Q

What was an increasingly common law that meant eldest sons inherited, leaving younger sons with very little?

A

Primogeniture

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28
Q

Who was the Norman First crusader hated by Alexius, known for his bravery and skill, looking for land and wealth?

A

Bohemond

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29
Q

What was a motivating factor exploited by Urban II in his specific First Crusade appeal to senior European nobles?

A

Feudal ties

30
Q

Which social tie played an important role in the participation of First crusade leaders like Baldwin and Tancred?

A

Kinship

31
Q

Whose family had longstanding connections and friendship with the Byzantium and a history of pilgrimages?

A

Robert of Flanders

32
Q

Who was a First crusader motivated by social pressure from his wife and family?

A

Stephen of Blois

33
Q

Who was close to Urban II and was sent to represent him as his papal legate on the First Crusade?

A

Bishop Adhemar

34
Q

Which pope launched the First Crusade as a form of Holy War in 1095?

A

Urban II

35
Q

Which Norwegian king led his supporters on a crusade which contributed to the capture of Sidon in 1110?

A

Sigurd

36
Q

Who participated in crusading in 1120, bringing 100 knights with him?

A

Fulk of Anjou

37
Q

What Muslim military in 1119 victory created a response in the Latin West, prompting fresh crusading and the Templars?

A

Field of Blood

38
Q

Failure to complete, or previous desertion from the first crusade led many Latins to participate in what?

A

Crusade of 1101

39
Q

The extermination of which force did much to limit crusading enthusiasm?

A

Crusade of 1101

40
Q

What treaty was signed in 1108 in which Bohemond I recognised Byzantine overlordship of Antioch?

A

Devol

41
Q

Who launched a crusade against the Byzantines in 1107 that collapsed at Dyrrhachium in September 1108?

A

Bohemond

42
Q

Where was a large part of the crusade of that year was destroyed by the Turks in early August 1101?

A

Mersivan

43
Q

Where was the large crusading force of William of Nevers were destroyed by the Seljuks in late August 1101?

A

Heraclea

44
Q

When were the crusading forces of the Aquitanians and Bavarians destroyed by the Turks at Heraclea?

A

September 1101

45
Q

Which patriarch attempted to reassert the idea of church rule in Jerusalem between 1128 and 1130?

A

Stephen

46
Q

Which city was recaptured for the Byzantines by the First Crusade in June 1097?

A

Nicaea

47
Q

Which battle of the First Crusade resulted in the decisive defeat of Kilij Arslan in July 1197?

A

Dorylaeum

48
Q

Which city did the First crusaders spend eight months besieging before they captured it in June 1098?

A

Antioch

49
Q

Whose large Muslim Turkish force did the First Crusade defeat outside late June 1098?

A

Kerbogha

50
Q

Which city and port for Jerusalem was captured by the First Crusade in June 1099?

A

Jaffa

51
Q

Which city was captured by the First Crusade on 15 July 1099 after a one-month siege?

A

Jerusalem

52
Q

At which battle at the end of the First Crusade on 12 August 1099 were the Fatimids defeated?

A

Ascalon

53
Q

What was collectively established as four crusader states after the success of the First Crusade?

A

Outremer

54
Q

Which Muslim city was captured by Raymond of Toulouse with help from the remnants of the Crusade of 1101?

A

Tortosa

55
Q

Which battle against the Fatimids did remnants of the Crusade of 1101 assist the Franks at in 1102?

A

Ramlah (2nd)

56
Q

Where did the Norwegian crusaders defeat Muslim opponents at Sintra, Lisbon and Alkasse in 1108?

A

Iberia

57
Q

Which city did the Norwegian crusaders help the Franks of Outremer to capture in 1110?

A

Sidon

58
Q

Norwegian success against Muslims on which islands in 1109 encouraged their conquest by Latins in 1113-15?

A

Balearics

59
Q

A fleet belonging to which Muslim power was destroyed by a large Venetian fleet of 120 ships in May 1123?

A

Fatimids

60
Q

A Venetian crusading fleet played a major role in the capture of which major Muslim port city in 1124?

A

Tyre

61
Q

What stirred up anti-Semitism leading to pogroms in Germany in 1096 that were against papal intentions?

A

People’s Crusade

62
Q

Where was the People’s Crusade destroyed by Kilij Arslan’s Seljuk Turks in October 1096?

A

Civetot

63
Q

Where in Spain did the Norwegian crusade of 1108 attacked fellow Christians in winter 1108?

A

Santiago de Compostela

64
Q

Which pope backed Bohemond’s failed crusade against the Byzantines in 1107-08?

A

Paschal II

65
Q

Crusaders from where unsuccessfully sought to capture the Byzantine island of Corfu in the winter of 1122/23?

A

Venice

66
Q

In what year did Baldwin II send an embassy to the Latin West seeking aid for a Crusade against Damascus?

A

1127

67
Q

Whose death in 1128 further persuaded Baldwin II that Damascus was vulnerable to attack?

A

Tughtegin

68
Q

Which leader of the Templars played the main role in recruiting forces for the Damascus Crusade?

A

Hugh de Payns

69
Q

Which Latin leader joined the Damascus Crusade as part of his obligation to his new father-in-law, Baldwin II?

A

Fulk of Anjou

70
Q

Which town between Tyre and Damascus was the only gain of the Damascus Crusade of 1129?

A

Banyas

Age of the Crusades, c. 1071-1149 (Year 12 MEV) (12 decks)

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