Islamic politics in the Muslim Near East, c.1119-1149 Flashcards

1
Q

Which regent of Aleppo had been murdered in 1117, allowing Il-Ghazi to take control?

A

Lu’lu

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2
Q

Which capable Fatimid vizier was killed by the Assassins in 1121?

A

Al-Afdal

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3
Q

At which battle in 1123 were the Fatimids decisively defeated, ending the threat from them for decades?

A

Yibneh

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4
Q

At which battle in June 1119 were the forces of Roger of Antioch annihilated in by Il-Ghazi?

A

Field of Blood

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5
Q

Which Aleppan preacher helped to raise the morale of Muslim forces before the Field of Blood?

A

Ibn al-Khashshab

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6
Q

Which vice did Il-Ghazi have that limited his appeal as a Muslim role model?

A

Alcoholism

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7
Q

At which battle in August 1119 were Il-Ghazi’s forces defeated by Baldwin II and Pons?

A

Hab

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8
Q

When did Il-Ghazi die, leading to the succession of his nephew Balak?

A

1122

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9
Q

Who captured Joscelin I of Edessa in 1122 and Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1123?

A

Balak

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10
Q

When was Baldwin II forced to abandon his siege of Aleppo after Aqsonqur’s arrival?

A

January 1125

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11
Q

Which ruler of Mosul was killed by the Assassins in 1126 shortly after being made ruler of Aleppo?

A

Aqsonqur

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12
Q

At which battle did Baldwin II defeat Aqsonqur in June 1125?

A

Azaz

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13
Q

Conflict between Joscelin I of Edessa and which other Frankish ruler prevented an attack on Aleppo in 1126?

A

Bohemond II

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14
Q

In what year did Zengi become the ruler of Mosul?

A

1127

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15
Q

In what year did Zengi become the de facto ruler of Aleppo?

A

1128

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16
Q

After whose death in 1128 were the Assassins/Nizari forced out of Damascus?

A

Tughtegin

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17
Q

Which military order joined the unsuccessful Frankish siege of Damascus in November 1129?

A

Templars

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18
Q

Which ruler of Damascus died from wounds inflicted by the Assassins in 1132?

A

Buri

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19
Q

Which warrior emerged as the de facto ruler of Damascus from 1132 until his death in 1149?

A

Unur

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20
Q

In what year did Zengi first besiege Damascus but was unsuccessful due to Unur’s actions?

A

1135

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21
Q

What was the only city in Muslim territory near Aleppo that defied Zengi by the end of 1135?

A

Homs

22
Q

Which Frankish leader did Unur of Damascus’s forces capture and kill in March 1137?

A

Pons of Tripoli

23
Q

At which battle in Summer 1137 did Zengi defeat a force led by Fulk of Jerusalem attempting to aid the County of Tripoli?

A

Ba’rin

24
Q

Which ruler of Tripoli was temporarily captured by Zengi in Summer 1137?

A

Raymond II

25
Q

Which Turkish forces attacked John II of Byzantium’s supply lines in Anatolia in 1138 whilst he besieged Shaizar?

A

Danishmends

26
Q

Who murdered her son to prevent Zengi from gaining Damascus in 1135 but then married him in 1138?

A

Zumurrud

27
Q

The garrison of which Muslim town were crucified by Zengi in 1139 even though he had sworn an oath to spare them?

A

Baalbek

28
Q

Which key town did Zengi lose to Fulk in 1140 after Unur sided with the Franks against him?

A

Banias

29
Q

In what year did Zengi besiege Damascus for a second time, again unsuccessfully?

A

1140

30
Q

Which Muslim group gained Cadmus Castle in 1132 and Maysuf Castle in 1140?

A

Assassins

31
Q

Which Great Seljuk Sultan from 1118 was too distracted by rivals and civil war to directly aid the Muslim Near East?

A

Ahmed Sanjar

32
Q

Which rival Muslim Turkish dynasty were the greatest threat to Zengi as ruler of Mosul by the early 1140s?

A

Artuqids

33
Q

Which ruler of Edessa had established an alliance with Zengi’s Artuqid enemies in Summer 1144?

A

Joscelin II

34
Q

Where had Joscelin II taken up residence in late 1144 leaving Edessa vulnerable?

A

Turbessel

35
Q

With whom had Joscelin II of Edessa fallen out by late 1144, reducing potential Frankish reinforcements?

A

Raymond of Antioch

36
Q

What did Zengi portray the attack on Edessa to be part of to secure the support of Turcoman tribes?

A

Jihad

37
Q

What did Zengi use to successfully undermine the walls of Edessa in December 1144?

A

sappers

38
Q

When did Zengi capture the Frankish city of Edessa?

A

24 December 1144

39
Q

When was Zengi murdered in his sleep by his own servant as he pushed his army towards Damascus?

A

September 1146

40
Q

Which son of Zengi gained Aleppo and Edessa after his father’s death in 1146?

A

Nureddin

41
Q

Which son of Zengi gained Mosul after his father’s death in 1146?

A

Sayf ad-Din

42
Q

Which city did Nureddin recapture from Joscelin II’s opportunistic attack in late 1146?

A

Edessa

43
Q

Which daughter of Unur of Damascus did Nureddin marry in 1147 as part of a new alliance?

A

Ismat

44
Q

Which Seljuk Sultan of Rum’s forces defeated the German Second Crusade at 2nd Dorylaeum in October 1147?

A

Masud

45
Q

Where did an alliance of Masud of Rum and the Danishmends defeat the French Second Crusaders in January 1148?

A

Mount Cadmus

46
Q

The Second Crusade abandoned the siege of which city when they learnt that Nureddin’s forces were only days away?

A

Damascus

47
Q

When did Nureddin and Unur assist Raymond II of Tripoli against his rival and cousin, Bertram?

A

September 1148

48
Q

Where did Nureddin and Unur’s armies confront and kill Raymond of Antioch in June 1149?

A

Inab

49
Q

When did cooperation between Aleppo and Damascus collapse upon the death of Unur?

A

August 1149

50
Q

Which ruler of Damascus from August 1149 returned to an alliance with the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Abaq