Cs101-1 midterms

Question 1

A function can have more than one output for a single input.

T

F

Answer 1

F

Question 2

Every function is a relation, but not every relation is a function.

T

True
F

False

Answer 2

T

Question 3

What is the output of the function f(x) = x + 3 when x is 2?

Show answer choices

5

3

4

2

Answer 3

5

Question 4

The domain of a function is the set of all possible inputs.

T

True
F

False

Answer 4

T

Question 5

If a function has an output of -2 for an input of 3, it can also have an output of 3 for the same input.

T

True
F

False

Answer 5

F

Question 6

If f(x) = x^2, what is f(4)?

Show answer choices

16

12

4

8

Answer 6

16

Question 7

In a function, each input must have exactly one __________

Answer 7

output.

Question 8

The range of a function includes all possible outputs.

T

True
F

False

Answer 8

T

Question 9

What is domain

Answer 9

All possible input in a function

Question 10

What is range

Answer 10

All possible outputs from a function

Question 11

What is input

Answer 11

The Value you put into the function

Question 12

What is output

Answer 12

The result you get from the function

Question 13

A function can be represented by a table, a graph, or an equation.

T

True
F

False

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Which of the following represents a function?

Show answer choices

f(x) = 2x

y^2 = x

x = 5

x + y = 5

Answer 14

f(x) = 2x

Question 15

In modular arithmetic, what is 10 mod 4?

Show answer choices

0

2

1

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Public-key Cryptography

Answer 16

Uses pairs of keys, one public and one private

Question 17

Hash Function

Answer 17

Transforms input data into a fixed size string of characters.

Question 18

Encryption

Answer 18

The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext.

Question 19

Decryption

Answer 19

The process of converting ciphertext back into plaintext.

Question 20

The first prime number is ____.

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Prime Number

Answer 21

A number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

Question 22

Modular Arithmetic

Answer 22

Arithmetic that deals with remainders after division by a specific number.

Question 23

Caesar Cipher

Answer 23

A method of encryption that shifts letters by a fixed number.

Question 24

Substitution Cipher

Answer 24

A method of encryption where each letter is replaced by a different letter.

Question 25

What is the main purpose of a hash function in cryptography? Show answer choices To create a fixed-size output from input data To encrypt data To decrypt data To generate prime numbers

Answer 25

To create a fixed-size output from input data

Question 26

What is one of the main weaknesses of a Caesar cipher? Show answer choices Easily broken through frequency analysis Cannot be used for encryption Requires large keys Only works with numbers

Answer 26

Easily broken through frequency analysis

Question 27

Which of the following operations is used in a Caesar cipher? Show answer choices Rotate Invert Shift Swap

Answer 27

Shift

Question 28

Modular arithmetic can be used to find remainders after division. T True F False

Answer 28

True

Question 29

In modular arithmetic, adding numbers wraps around after reaching a certain _____________

Answer 29

value(notsure) Modulus

Question 30

All prime numbers are odd numbers. T True F False

Answer 30

F

Question 31

Which cipher is considered a symmetric cipher? Show answer choices RSA Substitution Cipher Caesar Cipher Diffie-Hellman

Answer 31

Caesar Cipher

Question 32

Which of the following numbers is a prime number? Show answer choices 10 13 6 4

Answer 32

13

Question 33

1 Caesar Cipher

Answer 33

A simple shift cipher.

Question 34

Transposition Cipher

Answer 34

Rearranges the characters in the plaintext.

Question 35

Block Cipher

Answer 35

Encrypts data in fixed-size blocks.

Question 36

4 Stream Cipher

Answer 36

Encrypts data one bit or byte at a time.

Question 37

What is the result of 7 mod 3? Show answer choices 1 2 3 0

Answer 37

1

Question 38

Frequency analysis is a technique used to break substitution ciphers. T True F False

Answer 38

T

Question 39

A Caesar cipher encrypts data by rearranging the order of letters. T True F False

Answer 39

F

Question 40

What is the primary purpose of a public key in cryptography? Show answer choices To sign messages for authenticity To ensure data integrity without encryption To encrypt data that only the corresponding private key can decrypt To determine the hash of data

Answer 40

To encrypt data that only the corresponding private key can decrypt

Question 41

In cryptography, what does the term 'encryption' specifically refer to? Show answer choices The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext The reverse process of decryption The generation of keys The act of hashing data

Answer 41

The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext

Question 42

Which cipher is considered the simplest form of encryption? Show answer choices Diffie-Hellman AES RSA Caesar cipher

Answer 42

Caesar cipher

Question 43

A hash function can produce the same output for different inputs. (True/False) T True F False

Answer 43

False

Question 44

In context to number theory, what does the term modulo refer to? Show answer choices The remainder after division of one number by another The product of two numbers The total count of prime numbers The sum of digits in a number

Answer 44

The remainder after division of one number by another

Question 45

In a substitution cipher, how is data transformed? Show answer choices By replacing each letter with another letter By rearranging letters By converting letters to numbers By shifting all letters by a fixed amount

Answer 45

By replacing each letter with another letter

Question 46

Which of the following is a characteristic of a prime number? Show answer choices It is an even number It has an infinite number of factors It has exactly two distinct positive divisors: 1 and itself It is divisible by at least one other number

Answer 46

It has exactly two distinct positive divisors: 1 and itself

Question 47

Which property is essential for a function to be considered a hash function? Show answer choices Linearity Randomness Reversibility Determinism

Answer 47

Determinism

Question 48

Why is frequency analysis effective against simple ciphers? Show answer choices It uses brute force to try every possible code It analyzes the frequency of letters or groups of letters to decipher encryption It changes the keys used in encryption It relies on prime numbers to break encryption

Answer 48

It analyzes the frequency of letters or groups of letters to decipher encryption

Question 49

SHA-256 is widely used because it produces a secure fixed-size __________

Answer 49

Hash

Question 50

Binomial Theorem

Answer 50

formula that describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.

Question 51

Permutations consider the order of items. T True F False

Answer 51

T

Question 52

Binomial Coefficient

Answer 52

Counts ways to choose k elements from n.

Question 53

permutation formula

Answer 53

n!/(n-r)!

Question 54

Combination formula

Answer 54

n!/r!(n-r)!