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CSCI final > CSCI Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

CSCI Exam 1 Review Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Hardware

A

You can touch it

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2
Q

Software

A

On the computer; can’t touch it

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3
Q

Volatile

A

Data lost after losing power; CPU, cache, DRAM or RAM

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4
Q

Nonvolatile

A

Data remains after losing power: ROM and Flash

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5
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit:
processor
handles all computations
speed measured in Hz

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6
Q

RAM

A 
Random Access Memory:
Any memory cell can be directly accessed by knowing row/column of that memory cell
Primary memory of desktops and laptops
Plugs into motherboard
Volatile
Memory: bits/bytes
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7
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory:

Nonvolatile

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8
Q

Motherboard

A

Circuit that connects most of the hardware components together
Central nervous system
Connects CPU, RAM, power supply, BIOS chip, cards

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9
Q

HDD

A

Hard Disk Drive:
Memory for permanent storage
Non volatile

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10
Q

SSD

A

Solid State Drive:
Faster than HDD and slightly smaller
Function: storage data
Nonvolatile

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11
Q

USB Memory Stick

A

Nonvolatile

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12
Q

Flash Memory Card

A

Nonvolatile

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13
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit:

Part of the computer which is specifically responsible for the addition and subtraction of numbers

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14
Q

Video Card

A

Renders data to display on computer monitor
Can be card that fits into motherboard or built in
Contains graphic processing units (GPU), memory, and its own cooling system

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15
Q

Sound Card

A

Sends and receives data from one computer to another
Can be card that fits into motherboard or built in
Wired or wireless

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16
Q

I/O Devices

A 
Input
send data into a computer
keyboard, mouse, microphone, etc.
Output
sends data out of a computer
monitor, speakers, printer
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17
Q

Optical Disks

A

Can read or write data via lasers from CD, DVD, BluRay; nonvolatile

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18
Q

Heat Sink

A

Old fashioned cooling system; mostly use fans

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19
Q

3 GB = _____ KB

A

3 million

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20
Q

Steps in boot up process:

A
  1. power on
  2. BIOS
  3. hard drive boot sector
  4. RAM
  5. CPU executes OS
    soft boot: restart
    hard/cold boot: powering off system and then powering it on
    BIOS in the motherboard -> turn on power -> CPU launches the BIOS and then the sector on the HSS where the DS is stored is activated and the computer boots
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21
Q

What hardware upgrade would result in significantly faster boot up time?

A

Upgrading to an SSD

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22
Q

What is BIOS and what does it do?

A

Basic input output system: software in a chip on motherboard
Program a personal computer’s microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on
Manages data flow between the computer’s operating system and attached devices
Stored in ROM when computer is off
1st thing run by the computer
BIOS manages I/O between devices, CPU, and operating system

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23
Q

What is Windows Snap and why is it convenient to use?

A

When you can do side by side windows

Drag one window all the way to one side and an outline will come up

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24
Q

What is Windows snip?

Study These Flashcards
A

Like a screenshot of a certain portion of selected screen

25
What button on a Windows keyboard captures a screenshot?
PrtScrn | Paste into Paint and Save
26
What is Windows Task Manager?
Provides advanced details about how computer is using resources like RAM and CPU Helps close programs
27
What PowerPoint do we use in the labs?
2016
28
What is binary and base-2?
They're the same Represent numeric data in digital devices Only use 0 and 1 0=lack of something physical, 1=something is present
29
What is the job of the operating system?
Manages all hardware and software: Windows, Apple
30
What is a file extension?
Instructions that tell an operating system what programs can read these instructions
31
What does Windows use file extensions for?
.txt files can be read by programs like word, wordpad, and google docs .txt associated file extensions and their applications are contained within an operating system's registry
32
Encoding
Putting one set of symbols (letters, numbers, punctuation) into special format for efficient transmission of storage
33
Decoding
Puts encoded symbols back into normal symbols
34
4 bytes = ____ bits
32 | 1 byte = 8 bits
35
ASCII
American standard code for information interchange | One of the most widely used text encoding schemes; English only; 7 or 8 bit
36
Unicode
Everything else in the world besides ASCII; 32 or 64 bit
37
Lossey
(can be) compressed; uncompressed is not the same as before
38
Lossless
Same compressed and uncompressed
39
Archiving files
many files into one file
40
extracting files
one .zip file turns into many files
41
CNTL+C
will stop any command
42
"."
current directory
43
".."
parent directory
44
">"
output redirect command>file.txt will save all output from a command to file.txt
45
relative path
starts from current directory
46
absolute path
starts from root directory
47
IP address
Internet Protocol address that every computer has Helps computers identify one another and communicate
48
part of URL | http
protocol
49
part of URL | www
subdomain
50
part of URL | google
domain name
51
part of URL | com
top level domain
52
part of URL | index.html
file path
53
Web 2.0 is known as ____ web
social
54
Does https completely secure email messages?
no
55
Is http protocol encrypted?
no
56
What is more secure? https or http?
https
57
precision
ratio of relevant records retrieved to total number of relevant and irrelevant records retrieved
58
recall
ratio of relevant records retrieved to total number of relevant records
59
In Google's advanced search, what are some Boolean or logical operators?
and or not "and" & "not" are more restrictive

CSCI final (3 decks)

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