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Cell Bio Final > CT and Adhesion > Flashcards

CT and Adhesion Flashcards

1
Q

types of CT - 6 types

A 
loose CT
dense CT
blood
lymph
cartilage
bone
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2
Q

Sparse extracellular matrix of hyaluronan and proteoglycans supported by few collagen fibrils and elastic fibrils

A

loose CT

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3
Q

examples of LCT

A

vitreous body of eye, gastrointestinal tract which contain lymphocytes, fat cells, plasma cells, macrophages

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4
Q

Predominately collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts. can be elastic

A

DCT

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5
Q

where is DCT found

A

tendons, cornea, wall of the intestine or skin

Walls of arteries
Dermal layer of skin

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6
Q

which CT is mostly cells?

which CT is mostly fibers?

A

cells - L

fibers - D

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7
Q
  • Covers the articular surfaces of joints, supports airways (trachea), skeletal appendages such as nose and ears
  • ECM consisting of collagen fibrils and high concentrations of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
A

cartilage

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8
Q

synthesize and secrete macromolecules that make up cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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9
Q

25% of the dry mass of cartilage

A

type 2 collagen

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10
Q

75% of catalog, absorb water, which strengthens the cartilage and makes it resistant to compression

A

proteoglycans

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11
Q

Composite material of collagen fibrils (tensile strength) embedded in a matrix of calcium phosphate (rigidity)

A

bone

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12
Q

type 1 collagen fibrils and calcium phosphate

A

bone

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13
Q

cells that secrete bone

A

osteoblasts

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14
Q

an osteoblast that has enclosed itself with bone matrix

A

osteocyte

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15
Q

giant multinucleated cells that specialize in bone resorption

A

osteoclasts

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16
Q

process of bone remodeling

A
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17
Q

bone fracture healing

A
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18
Q

2 genes that have genetic control for the formation of skeleton

A
  • HOX genes

- PAX genes

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19
Q

hormonal control of formation of skeleton

A
  • circulating growth hormone

- local control (bone morphogenic proteins BMPs & fibroblast growth factors FGF)

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20
Q

Thinning of the bone
Common in the elderly
50% of women will suffer from an osteoporosis related fracture during their life
Cause is unknown – nutrition, activity, vitamin D, genetic variation in type I collagen gene

A

osteoporosis

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21
Q

Failure of bone resorption
Too much bone
Fatal due to bone marrow failure
Recessive mutations in proton ATPase pumps or chloride channels

A

osteopetrosis

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22
Q

Congential fragile bone syndrome

All patients have a mutations in the gene for type I collagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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23
Q

cell adhesion is important in (5)

A
  • apoptosis
  • chemotaxis
  • wound healing
  • proliferation
  • cancer metastasis
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24
Q

molecules involved in adhesion

A

cadherin, Ig-family, integral, selectin

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25
- family contains hundreds of adhesion proteins - have 1-7 extracellular domains similar to immunoglobulin domains - single polyp. or multimemric - bind integrins - signaling between cells
Ig-CAM
26
CD2
t cells
27
CD4
T cells & receptor for HIV
28
CD8
t cells
29
ICAM1
EPITHELIA
30
ICAM2
ENDOTHELIUM
31
VACM1
ENDOTHELUM
32
NCAM
NEURONS
33
- Structure of organs depends on the Ca2+ binding of -----between cells
cadherin
34
hallmark of cadherins is the
CAD domain
35
Differential Expression of Cadherins Form the
neural tube
36
three types of EMT
1. development type 1 2. chronic (fibrosing) injury type 2 3. malignancy type 3
37
highly regulated and is associated with embryonic implantation and organ formation.
type 1 emt (primary, secondary, tertiary)
38
associated with inflammation and fibrosis and is now increasingly recognized in adult pathological conditions.
type 2 emt
39
is involved with malignant cell transformation, including the acquisition of invasive metastatic cellular properties
type 3
40
EMT =
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
41
MET =
mesenchymal to epithelial transition
42
hallmark of EMT
loss of E-cadherin expression
43
tightly associated with b-catenin signaling, which is dysfunctional in many tumor types, such a colon cancer.
cadherins
44
widely believed to be a key step in initiated cancer metastasis
EMT
45
- Main cellular receptors for ECM | - Heterodimers of two transmembrane polypeptides called a- and b-chains, which both bind ligand
integrin family
46
White blood cells & platelets use these to interact with vascular endothelial cells
selectins
47
a Ca2+ dependent lectin domain that binds O-linked oligosaccharides containing sialic acid fucose (e.g.: mucins)
selectins defining feature
48
neutrophil rolling and adherence
1. attachment 2. rolling 3. activation 4. arrest and adhesion strengthening 5. transendothelial migration
49
6 types of intercellular junction
``` Adherens junctions Desmosomes Tight junctions Gap junctions Hemidesmosomes Focal adhesions ```
50
- Joins the plasma membrane of two cells together - Form a belt like seal that limits the diffusion of water, ions and large solutes, and prevents cell migration - Separate the interior of the body from the outside world
tight junctions
51
two major proteins in tight junctions
1. occludin | 3. claudin
52
structure of tight junction
---
53
Claudin Connects Tight Junctions to Actin via ---
ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3 Adaptors
54
The ZO-toxin causes diarrhea by loosing the tight junction, which induces secretion
vibrio cholerae
55
inject a protein toxin into cell lining the stomach that disrupts tight junctions, that can lead to the formation of ulcer
helicobacter pylori
56
Plaques that contain large intercellular channels that connect the cytoplasms of a pair of cells
gap junctions
57
half of the channel (one half from each cell) of gap junctions
connexon
58
each connection is made of six protein subunits called
connexins
59
structure of GAP junctions
---
60
cause of inherited deafness – loss of K+ transport in epithelia supporting sensory hair cell in the ear
mutation in connexin-36
61
result in degeneration of the myelin sheath around axons - X-linked variant of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
mutations in connexin-32
62
- Occur at the cell-cell junction between epithelial and endothelial tissues - Result of homophilic (like – like) interactions between cadherins
adherens junctions
63
- Are also the result of homophilic intereactions between cadherins - Connections between epithelial tissues and muscle tissue
desmosomes
64
provide the transmembrane link between cytoskeleton and ECM ligands
interns of the ECM
65
link cytoplasmic actin filaments to the extracellular matrix
integrin
66
bind actin monomers to prevent them from being added to filaments
thymosin and profilin
67
actin-related biding proteins promote filament formation
formins and ARP's
68
3 steps of cell crawling with actin
1. the cell pushes out protrusion at the front 2. the protrusions adhere to the surface 3. the rest of the cell drags itself forward as a result of anchorage points
69
lamelipodium (actin filament) and filopdoim (actin filament)
L - sheet like | F - finger like projections

Cell Bio Final (8 decks)

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