culture and identity 2

Question 1

folk culture as traditional/pre-industrial.

Answer 1

culture:redfield

Question 2

mass culture=industrial,standardised,passive.

Answer 2

culture:strinati

Question 3

a divide is kept between high and low culture to keep the elite and the working class seperate

Answer 3

culture:bourdieu

Question 4

high culture is the culture of the elite

Answer 4

culture:haralambos and holborn

Question 5

mass culture should be called popular culture because it has been actively chosen

Answer 5

culture:stuart hall

Question 5

TNCSs make cultural products which are becoming global

Answer 5

culture:sklair

Question 6

division between high/low culture is decreasing

Answer 6

culture:storey

Question 7

globalisation is leading to cultural homogeneity

Answer 7

culture:klein

Question 7

local cultures becoming more global(global culture)

Answer 7

culture:giddens

Question 8

culture=commodity fetishism,false needs and promotes capatalism

Answer 8

culture:frankfurt school(neo-marxism)

Question 9

culture acts as social glue

Answer 9

culture:durkheim(functionalism)

Question 10

culture promotes the patriarchy

Answer 10

culture:McRobbie/Ferguson(feminism)

Question 11

Parsons(family),durkheim(education), wright(media)

Answer 11

socialisation:functionalist explanations

Question 12

oakley(family),liberal feminism(employment),radical feminism(education),mulvey/butler(media)

Answer 12

socialisation:feminist explanations

Question 13

zaretsky(family),Bowles and Gintis(education),marx(employment),Frankfurt school(media).

Answer 13

socialisation:marxist explanations

Question 14

critique of structural approaches to socialisations-suggests people are too passive

Answer 14

socialisation:garfinkel

Question 15

Dramaturgical theory-front stage/back stage/impression management.

Answer 15

socialisation:goffman(interpretivist)

Question 15

the looking glass self

Answer 15

socialisation:cooley(interpretivist)

Question 16

labelling/self-fulfilling phrophecies

Answer 16

socialisation:becker(interpretivist)

Question 17

pick and mix identities

Answer 17

socialisation:bauman and may(postmodernist)

Question 18

characteristics of traditional upper class(high culture,social closure,private education)

Answer 18

social class:scott

Question 19

traditional working class(present time orientation,instant gratification,fatalism)

Answer 19

social class:sugarman

Question 19

nouveau riche-celebrities/entrepeneurs/conspicous consumption

Answer 19

social class:costa and belk

Question 19

underclass-values are what keep people poor

Answer 19

social class:murray

Question 20

middle class charactersistics(value education,future orientated,cultural capital)

Answer 20

social class:lawler

Question 21

new working class(popular culture,instrumental approach to work,individual)

Answer 21

social class:lockwood

Question 22

working/underclass are demonised due to associated characteristics.

Answer 22

social class:jones

Question 23

social class is becoming less important due to consumption

Answer 23

social class:bradley/pakulski and waters

Question 24

biological determinism(female expressive,male instrumental/logical)

Answer 24

gender:parsons

Question 25

socialisation through verbal appellations,manipulations,canalisation,activities.

Answer 25

gender:oakley

Question 26

the beauty myth

Answer 26

gender:wolf

Question 27

changing female values(70s vs 90s)

Answer 27

gender:sue sharpe (changing femininity)

Question 28

feminisation of the workforce

Answer 28

gender:Webb at al(changing femininity)

Question 29

the "new man"-males more domestic

Answer 29

gender:gershuny(changing masculinity)

Question 30

male and female values have merged

Answer 30

gender:wilkinson(changing masculinity)

Question 30

acceptability of sexuality is socially constructed

Answer 30

sexuality:weeks(stigmatised sexuality)

Question 31

sexuality(female sexuality and LGBTQ) are seen as a threat to social order

Answer 31

sexuality:male gaze (feminism)and murray(stigmatised sexuality)

Question 32

people can choose how to perform their sexualities in a wider range of ways

Answer 32

sexuality:postmodernism(stigmatised sexuality)

Question 33

greater representation of sexuality in the media

Answer 33

sexuality:representation examples

Question 34

elders usually presented as difficult/grumpy

Answer 34

age:biggs(stigmatised old age)

Question 34

retirement is a "third age" with new opportunities

Answer 34

age:laslett(changing old age)

Question 35

the elderly are looked down on because they do not contribute to the economy

Answer 35

age:philipson(stigmatised old age)

Question 36

working class lads-resisting middle class education system

Answer 36

age:willis (youth subcultures)

Question 36

its now easier for retirees to engage in more youthful culture

Answer 36

age:featherstone and hepworth (changing old age)

Question 37

new wave girls(1990s) rejecting femininity

Answer 37

age:blackman(youth subcultures)

Question 38

youth cultures as a transitional stage between youth and adulthood

Answer 38

age:parsons/eisenstadt(youth)

Question 38

punks-bricolage-resisting capatalism

Answer 38

age:hebdige(youth subcultures)

Question 39

paralympics and increased positive representation around disability as an identity

Answer 39

disability:representation in the media

Question 39

labelling resulting in learned helplessness

Answer 39

disability:scott

Question 40

African-Caribbean identities and the Windrush Generation as stigmatised in society

Answer 40

ethnicity:gilroy(stigmatised ethnicities)

Question 40

disability is a social construct labelling individuals to prevent integration with society

Answer 40

disability:shakespeare

Question 41

British Muslims-religion is important in shaping ethnic identities

Answer 41

ethnicity:jackson(religion)

Question 42

families socialise home culture which shapes ethnic identities

Answer 42

ethnicity:Francis and Archer (family)

Question 43

ethnic identities are merging to create hybrid identities(British Muslim,Black British etc)

Answer 43

ethnicity:Stuart Hall(Hybrid identities)

Question 44

negotiated identities in the home/public

Answer 44

ethnicity:Basit/Johal(negotiated identity)

Question 45

double consciousness

Answer 45

ethnicity:DuBois(negotiated identities)

Question 46

national identity is important for social solidarity

Answer 46

nationality:Durkheim

Question 47

family/peers pass on national stories to promote national identity

Answer 47

nationality:Stuart Hall

Question 48

education provides national identity through the formal curriculum (british values/culture) and hidden curriculum(celebrating national events)

Answer 48

nationality:Schudson

Question 49

media broadcasts national events(queens speech,royal weddings,and team GB events)

Answer 49

nationality:media broadcasting

Question 50

opposition,neutrality,and extension patterns of work

Answer 50

production:Parker(for)

Question 51

people define themselves by their work

Answer 51

production:Gini (for)

Question 52

work is less fulfilling,people use leisure to construct their identity

Answer 52

production:Willis(against)

Question 53

focusing just on paid work ignores the domestic labour done by women

Answer 53

production:deem(against)

Question 53

shopping as a leisure pursuit/identity formation

Answer 53

production:lury(for)

Question 54

postmodern-pick and mix identitites

Answer 54

production:Bauman and May(for)

Question 55

repressed consumers have less choice

Answer 55

production:Bauman(against)

Question 56

not truly choosing identity as choosing from a menu given by the powerful/corporations

Answer 56

production:Clarke and Clitcher(against)

Question 57

cultural,social,economic capital

Answer 57

bourdieu

Question 58

social class is no longer important-if you work hard enough you can achieve anything you want

Answer 58

saunders

Question 59

identity is fragmented based on ethnicity,gender,social class and age.

Answer 59

bradley