culture and identity 3 Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
characteristics of traditional upper class
A
Scott
2
Q
individual capital
A
Bourdieu
2
Q
nouveau riche
A
Costa and Belk
3
Q
characteristics of middle class
A
Lawler
4
Q
characteristics of the working class
A
Sugarman
5
Q
manual labour central to working class males identities
A
Willis
6
Q
the new working class
A
Lockwood
7
Q
working class demonization
A
Jones
8
Q
the under class characteristics
A
Murray
9
Q
changing social class-how people earn money vs how people spend money
A
Postmodernists
10
Q
with enough work anyone can do anything-social class doesnt matter.meritocracy
A
Saunders
11
Q
social class not singularly important-identity fragmented based on ethnicity,gender,social class and age
A
Bradley
12
Q
biological determinism
A
Parsons
13
Q
nurture of gender roles
A
Mead
14
Q
family influence on gender roles
A
Oakley
15
Q
the formal curriculum-gender differences in school
A
Skelton
16
Q
the beauty myth
A
Wolf
17
Q
the male gaze
A
Mulvey
18
Q
changing aspirations of women 70s vs 90s
A
Sharpe
19
Q
increased divorce rates
A
Gittins
20
Q
feminisation of the work force
A
Webb et al
21
Q
new man
A
Gershuny
22
Q
crisis of masculinity
A
Mac An Ghaill
23
Q
objectification of men in media
A
Rutherford
24
male and female values have merged
Wilkinson
25
sexuality is socially constructed
Weeks
26
new right-secularisation has created too much freedom of expression
Murray
27
the male gaze
Mulvey
28
control of sexuality is crucial to a stable and continual society-functionalist
Parsons
28
people have choice to embody any sexual identity they wish
Postmodernists
29
double standards between old men vs old women
Lambert
30
ageism and discrimination
Biggs
31
marxist view on age-old are a burden to society
Phillipson
32
third age
Laslett
33
youthful old age-postmodernism
Featherstone and Hepworth
34
youth culture is a coping mechanism
Eisenstadt
35
bricolage to resist consumer culture-marxist view on youth
Hebdige
36
skinheads use exaggeration on working class style to make working class culture more visible-marxism
Cohen
37
restricted youth
Smart
38
youth rebellion
Blackman
39
female empowerment-bedroom culture
McRobbie and Garber
40
subcultures should be called Neo Tribes
Bennet
40
Pick and Mix identities
Bauman and May
41
medical vs social model of disability
Shakespeare
42
Learned helplessness
Scott
43
capatalism emphasises the importance of work so disabilities become an economic burden
Finkelstein
44
interpretivists-impression management for the disabled
Goffman
45
African and Caribbean identities
Gilroy
46
Asian identities
Modood
47
British-muslim identities
Jackson
48
ethnicity impacts on the values held by people-influence of the family due to ethnicity
Francis and Archer
49
anti school subcultures created by ethnic minorities
Sewell
50
double conciousness
WEB Dubois
50
media and popular culture has a strong unifying experience for ethnic groups
Sewell
51
public vs home persona of ethnic minorities
Johal
52
diasphora creates new ethnic identities
Stuart Hall
53
ethnic identities are dynamic and changeable
Basit
54
nationalism creates a sense of national solidarity which helps society to function more effectively
Durkheim
55
nationalism has replaced religion in giving peoples lives meaning
Anderson
56
national identity is about learning and sharing tales from generation to generation
Stuart Hall
57
national curriculum vs hidden curriculum
Schudson
58
national identity is promoted and maintained by heritage tourism
Palmer
59
British nationality is becoming harder to define because of globalisation and multiculturalism
Stuart Hall
60
americanisation
Ritzer
60
importance of work
Gini
61
patterns of work-opposition,neutrality,extension
Parker
62
crtitique of Parker-women who work in the home dont have choice of pattern-they are always on call to deal with any domestic or emotional issues.women in paid work have more opportunity but will likely spend a lot of their free time doing housework.
Deem
63
lack of work leads to a lack of identity
Riach and Loretto
64
work is less satisfying due to it requiring less skill people turn to free time and leisure activities in order to find satisfaction and build identity
Willis
64
work and leisure are combined in postmodern society
Rojek
65
leisure time is now focused on consumption and identity building
Lury
65
globalised media creates a pressure to consume. Identity is created through engagement with these brands and the lifestyle image they offer
Strinati
66
individual aspects of social identity are becoming less important in a globalised society-people adopt different identities to meet the diversity in their lives.
Bradley
66
critique of consumption forming identity-opinions of consumers a largely ignored
Ang
67
critique of consumption forming identity-repressed consumers cannot use consumption to create identities due to no money,seduced consumers are people who can consume as much as they like
Bauman
68
critique of consumption forming identity-capatalism controls choices about leisure consumption so is harder to create unique identities
Clarke and Critcher
68
dominant culture
Gramsci/Althusser
69
folk culture
Redfield
69
commodity fetishism and false needs lead to capatalism-Neo Marxist
Frankfurt School
70
mass culture=standardised,inauthentic,undemanding and passive
Strinati
71
high culture
Haralambos and Holborn
72
low culture is a derogatory term to describe mass culture
Bourdieu
73
neo marxist redefine low culture as popular culture-it is active and chosen by the people
Stuart Hall
74
class divide in media is decreasing
Storey
75
local culture is becoming global due to globalisation
Giddens
76
globalisation is largely due to the influence of TNCs
Sklair
77
cultural homogeneity
Klein
78
globalisation leads to hybridity
Postmodernism
79
identities rests on the idea of marking out similiarities with and differences from others.
Lawler
80
functionalists:the nuclear family is key to primary socialisation.Parents shape kids personality so the family becomes a personality factory. kids imitate their same sex parent with reinforces societal roles and their place in the system.
Parsons
81
functionalists:school is society in miniature so is essential for secondary socialisation. It promotes consensus by teaching norms and values which will benefit the individual later on in life.
Durkheim
82
functionalists:workplaces are a place to exemplify the values instilled by the other agents of socialisation
Parsons
83
functionalists:media is beneficial and builds value consensus -it has three main functions:surveillance, transmission of social heritage,entertainment
Wright
84
marxists:the family socialises children into accepting certain roles which benefit the capatalist society
Zaretsky
85
marxists:schools are another ISAs(Althusser) which reproduces and legitimises ruling-class ideology and culture-hidden curriculum
Bowles and Gintis
86
marxists:false class conciousness of the workers benefits the capatalist society and benefits the economy.
Karl Marx
87
feminists:family is responsible for the socialisation of gender roles through:manipulation, canalisation, verbal appelations ,activities
Oakley
88
feminists: culture and media creates and perpetuate gender differences through socialisation,the media and norms and values. Representations of women push hegemonic gender roles.
Smith
89
criticism of structural approaches - theories overemphasise the passive nature of individuals
garfinkel
90
interpretivists:dramaturgical theory,impression management role distance
Goffman
91
interpretivists:looking glass self
Cooley
91
interpretivists:labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy-master label and deviant
Becker
92
postmodernism-meta narratives cant explain how society works, consumer culture,pick and mix.
Bauman,Baudrillard,Lyotard
