Culture and society Flashcards
church; women, young people and working men; urban and rural differences; 'socialist man' and the impact of cultural change; similarities and differences between Lenin's and Stalin's USSR (45 cards)
How did Lenin deal with the church
freedom of religious worship was allowed
power of church was reduced - lands seized, births marriages deaths and schools secularised
priests persecuted
what happened to religious teaching under Stalin
religious schools were closed down
teaching of religious creed was forbidden
who was religious worship restricted to
registered congregations
how did the attack on religion impact the working week
workers employed for 6 of the 7 days of the week with 1/6 of the workers having each day off
no specific day of rest for everyone
what did the Stalin constitution do for religion
criminalised the publication or organisation of religious propaganda
priests regained the right to vote which they had lost in 1918
how many priests were arrested or shot in the purges
around 168,000
How were Muslim people impacted
pilgrimages to Mecca forbidden 1935
frequency of prayers fasts and feasts reduced
How may churches and mosques had been shut down by 1941
40,000 Christian churches
25,000 Muslim mosques
Was the attack on religion successful
not really
1937 census over half a million citizens described themselves as religious believers
the number is likely much larger as people would have been scared to admit they were religious
Why did Stalin revert to more traditional policies around women
1930s fall in population growth
disruption caused by family break ups
fear of war
how did Stalin emphasise the importance of marriage
introduced wedding rings and issued new style wedding certificates
when was the family code made law
June 1936
what did the family code do
made abortion illegal
made it more difficult to get a divorce - large fees, attendance of both parties
contraception banned
child support payment for fathers fixed at 60%
How was female employment impacted
women were encouraged to give up employment after they for married
single and divorced women were more likely to be left unemployed so the number of prostitutes rose
what was the divorce rate in Moscow
37% in 1934
why did Stalin need to change Lenin’s school system
it was failing to produce the skilled workers, scientists and technicians the country needed
what organisation did the centralised control of education come under
Narkompros
what did Narkompros do
provided nursery to secondary school
parents expected to contribute towards the cost of secondary schooling
established many adult institutions
what was the quota system and why was it abolished in 1935
high proportion of working class children were given places in secondary schools
abandoned so selection reappeared for all so the able received strong academic education
what courses were emphasised in education and why
courses such as maths science and technology
emphasis of the higher training of specialists who could hep in the industrial drive
How were teachers impacted
given a higher status and were likely to be party members
closely watched and could be arrested if they failed to live up to the high standards
encouraged to set high standards for themselves and their students under the stakhanovite system
if students failed to do well teachers could be blamed and purged
how much did the literacy rate increase
before the revolution literacy was around 65%
by 1941 94% in towns and cities and 86% in the countryside
what were the main two youth organisations
Komsomol and the Young pioneers
How did Komsomol teach communist values
discouraged smoking drinking and religion
volunteer social work, sports, political and drama clubs encouraged to inspire socialist values
