Culture Part 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is multicultural identity?
Sense of belonging to 2 or more cultural groups
Who often experiences a multicultural identity?
- Immigrants
- Ethnic minorities
- Indigenous peoples
What is acculturation?
Process of learning and cultural change that stems from balancing two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society
STUDY: Individual Emotional Acculturation RESULTS (US women VS immigrant women coming to the US)
Longer amount of time they had spent in USA, the more they fit mainstream American emotional norms
STUDY: Generational Emotional Acculturation (Turks and Belgians) - Assessment of emotional fit
More contact a generation has with Belgian culture, more emotional acculturation
*Turkish majority least like Belgians emotionally
- 2nd generation Turkish immigrants indistinguishable
from Belgians - Evidence of emotional acculturation from one generation to the next
Implications of Acculturation Findings
Minority individuals become psychologically more similar to majority culture individuals
Cultural Frame Switching - Multicultural individuals’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural reactions are
context specific (Depend on which cultural identity is activated by the situation)
STUDY: Cultural Frame Switching in Emotions - 2nd generation Turkish immigrants emotional experience in Belgium RESULTS
*Work/school: emotions more consistent with characteristic Belgian pattern
* Home: emotions fit characteristic Belgian and Turkish patterns equally well
STUDY: European - Canadian and Chinese born students RESULTS
Chinese participants’ self-descriptions are more characteristically Chinese when answering in Chinese than in English
Can individuals heritage and mainstream cultural identity co exist?
Yes, can flexibly shift between cultural selves depending on which is most salient
What is integration?
Participate in mainstream culture and hold onto heritage identity
What is assimilation?
Participate in mainstream culture, give up heritage identity
What is separation?
Hold onto heritage identity, avoid mainstream culture
What is marginalization?
Not participating in mainstream or heritage culture
Which multicultural identity strategy a person adopts depends on: (3)
- To what extent are they encouraged to hang on to heritage identity by larger
society and/or family - How much exposure do they have to the mainstream culture
*How similar is the heritage identity to the main stream identity
What is psychological adaptation?
degree of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and mental
health issues
What is sociocultural adaptation?
school and behaviour problems (e.g., dropping out of school, substance use)
STUDY: Multicultural Identity and Well Being - Which strategy is most common? (immigrants living in different countries)
Integration strategy most common
Integration strategy more common when
The longer a person lives in the mainstream/ “new” culture
- People born in or who had lived 12+ years in new culture showed integration strategy 2x more than people who had lived in new culture for less than 6 years
What are the 4 strategies (%)?
Marginalization 22%
Assimilation 19%
Separation 23%
Integration 36%
STUDY: Which strategy is best for well-being?
*Integration associated with best psychological and sociocultural adaptation, marginalization associated with the worst adaptation
*Separation associated with better psychological adjustment than assimilation
* Similar sociological adaptation
People are more reluctant to
give up heritage cultural identity
People choose (WHAT) over (WHAT)
Choose separation over assimilation
Giving up heritage identity = associated with
poorer psychological adjustment than not identifying with mainstream culture
