Cumulative Course Review Questions

Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for forming the length of the leading strand during DNA replication?

Answer 1

DNA polymerase III

Question 2

Which of the following has a thick cell wall?

Gram negative cells
Viruses
Protozoal cells
Gram positive cells

Answer 2

only Gram-positive cells

Question 3

Some animal viruses release by lysis.
true or false?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

How do prions replicate?

Answer 4

one form touches another form

Question 5

Refrigeration can lengthen (prolong) which phase of the population growth curve?

Answer 5

Death

Question 6

Where does fermentation take place in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

In the cytoplasm

Question 7

What tool of the lab would allow a scientist to make many copies of a specific region of DNA?

Answer 7

PCR

Question 8

Viruses can exchange DNA between two bacterial cells using:

Answer 8

transduction

Question 9

Which of the following methods of counting cell concentration would give you results within a half hour?

Slide cytometer
Viable cell count
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis

Answer 9

Slide cytometer
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis

Question 10

Which of the following is found in a prion?

protein
lipid
nucleic acid
disaccharide

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

Which of the following works by blocking bacterial cell walls from forming?

penicillin
cephalosporin
sulfonamide
azithromycin

Answer 11

penicillin
cephalosporin

Question 12

Which of the following helps bacteria swim?

pili
fimbriae
axial filaments
flagella

Answer 12

axial filaments
flagella

Question 13

What gives DNA its charge?

Answer 13

Phosphate

Question 14

The 3’ end of DNA is:

Answer 14

the end where new nucleotides can be added

Question 15

The first phase of a population growth curve is:

Answer 15

lag

Question 16

The most ATP is made in:

Answer 16

the respiratory chain

Question 17

Which organelles does the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis explain the existence of?

Answer 17

Chloroplasts
Mitochondria

Question 18

How many (net) ATP are generated in glycolysis from one glucose molecule?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Which organisms have operons?

Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Algae

Answer 19

only Bacteria

Question 20

Where does the respiratory chain take place in bacteria?

Answer 20

Along the plasma membrane

Question 21

Which of the following requires ATP?

endocytosis
group translocation
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
ion pumps

Answer 21

endocytosis
group translocation
ion pumps

Question 22

The first step of viral replication is:

Answer 22

adsorption

Question 23

Which of the following is true of mitochondria?

They have their own ribosomes
They have two membrane layers
They divide independently from the cell
They can be affected by antibiotics
They have their own DNA

Answer 23

All of them are correct

Question 24

Which antibiotics are known for causing allergic reactions in many patients?

Answer 24

penicillin
sulfonamides

Question 25

What is the enzyme complex responsible for translation?

Answer 25

Ribosome

Question 26

How does Purrell (isopropanol) work to destroy SARS-CoV-2?

Answer 26

dissolves membrane lipids and coagulates proteins

Question 27

Reverse transcriptase is used in which step of viral replication?

Answer 27

synthesis

Question 28

Endospores are highly resistant to:

Answer 28

environmental changes

Question 29

What structure is involved in breaking down microbial materials brought inside a white blood cell?

Answer 29

Lysosome

Question 30

All viruses have:

Answer 30

a capsid

Question 31

Plasmids are: used in genetic engineering all the genes required for life of the organism found in bacteria made of DNA

Answer 31

used in genetic engineering found in bacteria made of DNA

Question 32

To count cells under a microscope, you would use a:

Answer 32

slide cytometer

Question 33

Pyruvic acid is generated (made) in:

Answer 33

glycolysis

Question 34

A missense mutation changes:

Answer 34

a nucleotide and an amino acid

Question 35

Which of the following has a plasma membrane and an outer membrane? Protozoal cells Gram negative cells Gram positive cells Helminths

Answer 35

Gram negative cells

Question 36

What does ATP synthase use as its energy source?

Answer 36

Proton concentration gradient

Question 37

Two proteins have the exact same amino acid sequence, even though the genes that make them have different DNA sequences. This is a result of:

Answer 37

silent mutations

Question 38

Which enzyme is involved in forming phosphodiester bonds?

Answer 38

ligase

Question 39

What are the first enzyme(s) used in DNA replication?

Answer 39

gyrase and helicase

Question 40

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is amphipathic? soap bleach hydrogen peroxide phenol

Answer 40

soap

Question 41

Where does aerobic cellular respiration take place?

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

Which viral structure helps with attachment to the host cell?

Answer 42

spikes

Question 43

Which method of genetic recombination is most widely used by genetic engineers?

Answer 43

transformation

Question 44

Where do you find peptidoglycan?

Answer 44

Cell walls of bacteria

Question 45

Which of the following structures on eukaryotic cells help them swim? Flagella Glycocalyx Cilia

Answer 45

Flagella Cilia

Question 46

Which tool of the lab would allow a molecular geneticist to separate out DNA based on its size?

Answer 46

gel electrophoresis

Question 47

What is the biggest difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 47

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotes do

Question 48

Penicillinases do what?

Answer 48

destroy penicillin

Question 49

Prions are very

Answer 49

hardy (resistant to environmental changes)

Question 50

Transcription and translation can happen at the same time in:

Answer 50

Bacteria