Cumulative Course Review Questions Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for forming the length of the leading strand during DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase III

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2
Q

Which of the following has a thick cell wall?

Gram negative cells
Viruses
Protozoal cells
Gram positive cells

A

only Gram-positive cells

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3
Q

Some animal viruses release by lysis.
true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

How do prions replicate?

A

one form touches another form

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5
Q

Refrigeration can lengthen (prolong) which phase of the population growth curve?

A

Death

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6
Q

Where does fermentation take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm

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7
Q

What tool of the lab would allow a scientist to make many copies of a specific region of DNA?

A

PCR

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8
Q

Viruses can exchange DNA between two bacterial cells using:

A

transduction

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9
Q

Which of the following methods of counting cell concentration would give you results within a half hour?

Slide cytometer
Viable cell count
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis

A

Slide cytometer
Spectrophotometer
Turbidity analysis

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10
Q

Which of the following is found in a prion?

protein
lipid
nucleic acid
disaccharide

A

protein

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11
Q

Which of the following works by blocking bacterial cell walls from forming?

penicillin
cephalosporin
sulfonamide
azithromycin

A

penicillin
cephalosporin

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12
Q

Which of the following helps bacteria swim?

pili
fimbriae
axial filaments
flagella

A

axial filaments
flagella

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13
Q

What gives DNA its charge?

A

Phosphate

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14
Q

The 3’ end of DNA is:

A

the end where new nucleotides can be added

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15
Q

The first phase of a population growth curve is:

A

lag

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16
Q

The most ATP is made in:

A

the respiratory chain

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17
Q

Which organelles does the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis explain the existence of?

A

Chloroplasts
Mitochondria

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18
Q

How many (net) ATP are generated in glycolysis from one glucose molecule?

A

2

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19
Q

Which organisms have operons?

Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Algae

A

only Bacteria

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20
Q

Where does the respiratory chain take place in bacteria?

A

Along the plasma membrane

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21
Q

Which of the following requires ATP?

endocytosis
group translocation
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
ion pumps

A

endocytosis
group translocation
ion pumps

22
Q

The first step of viral replication is:

23
Q

Which of the following is true of mitochondria?

They have their own ribosomes
They have two membrane layers
They divide independently from the cell
They can be affected by antibiotics
They have their own DNA

A

All of them are correct

24
Q

Which antibiotics are known for causing allergic reactions in many patients?

A

penicillin
sulfonamides

25
What is the enzyme complex responsible for translation?
Ribosome
26
How does Purrell (isopropanol) work to destroy SARS-CoV-2?
dissolves membrane lipids and coagulates proteins
27
Reverse transcriptase is used in which step of viral replication?
synthesis
28
Endospores are highly resistant to:
environmental changes
29
What structure is involved in breaking down microbial materials brought inside a white blood cell?
Lysosome
30
All viruses have:
a capsid
31
Plasmids are: used in genetic engineering all the genes required for life of the organism found in bacteria made of DNA
used in genetic engineering found in bacteria made of DNA
32
To count cells under a microscope, you would use a:
slide cytometer
33
Pyruvic acid is generated (made) in:
glycolysis
34
A missense mutation changes:
a nucleotide and an amino acid
35
Which of the following has a plasma membrane and an outer membrane? Protozoal cells Gram negative cells Gram positive cells Helminths
Gram negative cells
36
What does ATP synthase use as its energy source?
Proton concentration gradient
37
Two proteins have the exact same amino acid sequence, even though the genes that make them have different DNA sequences. This is a result of:
silent mutations
38
Which enzyme is involved in forming phosphodiester bonds?
ligase
39
What are the first enzyme(s) used in DNA replication?
gyrase and helicase
40
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is amphipathic? soap bleach hydrogen peroxide phenol
soap
41
Where does aerobic cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
42
Which viral structure helps with attachment to the host cell?
spikes
43
Which method of genetic recombination is most widely used by genetic engineers?
transformation
44
Where do you find peptidoglycan?
Cell walls of bacteria
45
Which of the following structures on eukaryotic cells help them swim? Flagella Glycocalyx Cilia
Flagella Cilia
46
Which tool of the lab would allow a molecular geneticist to separate out DNA based on its size?
gel electrophoresis
47
What is the biggest difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotes do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotes do
48
Penicillinases do what?
destroy penicillin
49
Prions are very
hardy (resistant to environmental changes)
50
Transcription and translation can happen at the same time in:
Bacteria