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Curvatures Of Vertebral Column Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What infant activities are associated with the development of lumbar curve

A

Crawling and walking

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2
Q

What happens within the IVD to facilitate lumbar curve development

A

Nucleus pulposus of L4 will shift its position within annulus fibrosis

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3
Q

Which sense is requirement for holding head erect, standing, sitting, and walking

A

Vision

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4
Q

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity

A

Females have greater convexity of lumbar curve

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5
Q

What is formation of lateral curve correlated with

A

Faster development of muscles on side of handedness

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6
Q

What is the time of appearance of lateral curves

A

6 years

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7
Q

Locations of lateral curves recognized

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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8
Q

What lateral curves are best developed

A

Thoracic and lumbar

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9
Q

What is relationship between curve direction and handedness

A

Right handed person has a high probability for right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination

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10
Q

What is incidence of right thoracic, left lumbar curve combo in population

A

80%

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11
Q

What does “osis” mean

A

Condition

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12
Q

Does “osis” infer a normal or abnormal condition?

A

Neither (non judge mental )

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13
Q

What generic names ID’ed for abnormal curves of vertebral column

A

Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis

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14
Q

Define lordosis

A

Forward bending condition

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15
Q

Define kyphosis

A

Humpback or hunchback condition

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16
Q

Define scoliosis

A

Warped or crooked condition

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17
Q

What is direction of curve deviation in scoliosis

A

To the side

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18
Q

Is there locational bias for classic definition of lordosis

A

No,
Increase in the anterior directions of the cervical and lumbar spines Decrease in posterior directions of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spines

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19
Q

Is there a locational bias for the classic definition of kyphosis

A

No
Decrease in anterior directions of the cervical and lumbar spines
Increase in the posterior directions of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spines

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20
Q

What clinical abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column were stressed in class

A

Military neck
Humpback or hunchback
Swayback

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21
Q

What is military neck

A

Decreased anterior curve in the cervical region, a straight neck

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22
Q

What is humpback

A

An increased posterior curve in thoracic region

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23
Q

What is swayback

A

An increased anterior curve in lumbar region

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24
Q

Classic classification of military neck

A

Kyphosis

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25
Classic classification of humpback
Kyphosis
26
Classic classification of swayback
Lordosis
27
What does the use of lordotic try to imply
Normal cervical and normal lumbar anterior curve
28
What does kyphotic try to imply
Normal thoracic or dorsal and normal pelvic or sacrococcygeal posterior curve
29
What prefixes are used to convey abnormality in curve patterns
Hyper and hypo
30
What does hyperlordotic mean
Increase in anterior curve of cervical or lumbar region
31
What does hypolordotic mean
Decrease in anterior curve of cervical or lumbar region
32
What does hyperkyphotic mean
Increase in posterior curve of thoracic/dorsal or pelvic region
33
What does hypokyphotic mean
Decrease in posterior curve of thoracic or pelvic region
34
What are the curve classifications for military neck
Kyphosis or hypolordosis curve
35
What are the curve classifications for humpback
Kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve
36
What are the curve classifications for sway back
Lordosis or hyperlordotic curve
37
What is more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial ration
38
What is radiological test for skeletal maturity
Risser sign , indication of bone maturity in iliac apophysis
39
What are the classifications of scoliosis according to scoliosis research society
Magnitude, location, direction etiology ,structural scoliosis, and non-structural
40
What does magnitude of scoliosis refer
Length and angle of curve deviation on x-ray
41
What is often used to measure magnitude of scoliosis
Cobb method
42
What does location of scoliosis infer
Location of vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation
43
What does direction of scoliosis refer
Side convexity of curve will bend toward
44
What does etiology of scoliosis mean
Cause of scoliosis
45
What is structural scoliosis
More radical form, may worsen, associated with structural deformities of vertebra or IVD, frequently has fixed angle of trunk rotation
46
What is nonstructural scoliosis
Mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, no associated with structural deformities of vertebra or IVD, lacks fixed angle of trunk rotation
47
What is classification of scoliosis unique to individual person
Idiopathic scoliosis
48
What does idiopathic scoliosis mean
Scoliosis is unique to individual, no known cause, unknown etiology
49
What is incidence of idiopathic scoliosis
1-4%
50
Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis
Infantile Juvenile Adolescent
51
What is age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis
Birth to 3
52
Age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis
3-10
53
Age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Over 10
54
ID curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis
Right thoracic, females over 6, 12-21%
55
ID curve direction , location, gender bias, and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis
Left thoracic, male, less than 1%
56
ID curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80%
57
Genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Autosomal dominate factor that runs in families
58
Relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening
Greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen
59
What are the curvatures of vertebral column
Anterior Posterior Lateral
60
Direction of primary curve of vertebral column
Posterior
61
Why is posterior curve also called primary curve
First to appear embryologically
62
Adult remnants of primary curve
Thoracic and pelvic curves
63
Names given to curves that form during development
Anterior, secondary or compensatory curve
64
Segmental levels of cervical curve
C2-T1
65
Segmental levels of lumbar curve
T12-L5
66
Developmental events indicated information of adult cervical spine
1. Centers for vision and equilibrium appear 2. Musculature develops 3. “Righting reflex” 4. IVD height (A>P)
67
Location for apex of cervical curve
Typically between C4/C5
68
Location for cervical kyphosis
Occiput-C1
69
Vertebral relationship between cervical curve and cervical enlargement
``` Curve = C2-T1 Enlargement = C3-T1 ```
70
Developmental events indicated in formation of adult lumbar curve
1. Crawling 2. Muscle development 3. IVD (A>P) 4. Walking
71
Vertebral relationship between lumbar curve and lumbar enlargement
``` Curve = T12-L5 Enlargement = T9-T12 ```

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