Customs: Roman Military

Question 1

pedites

Answer 1

foot soldiers/infantry

Question 2

How many men were in a legion before Caesar?
After Caesar?

Answer 2

Before Caesar: 6000
After Caesar: 3600

Question 3

How many cohorts in a legion?

Answer 3

10

Question 4

How many maniples in a cohort?

Answer 4

3 (so 30 maniples in a legion)

Question 5

How many centuries in a maniple?

Answer 5

2 (so 60 centuries in a legion)

Question 6

How many men were in a century before Caesar?
After Caesar?

Answer 6

Before Caesar: 100
After Caesar: 60

Question 7

funditores

Answer 7

slingers

Question 8

sagittarii

Answer 8

archers

Question 9

equites

Answer 9

cavalrymen

Question 10

mercatores

Answer 10

merchants

Question 11

fabri

Answer 11

engineers/mechanics

Question 12

exploratores

Answer 12

scouts

Question 13

speculatores

Answer 13

spies

Question 14

dux

Answer 14

commanding officer/general

Question 15

After a dux earned his first important victory, what title did he earn?

Answer 15

imperator

Question 16

sagum

Answer 16

woolen cloak

Question 17

caligae

Answer 17

hobnailed leather boots worn by soldiers

Question 18

lorica

Answer 18

breastplate

Question 19

galea

Answer 19

helmet

Question 20

scutum

Answer 20

curved, rectangular shield

Question 21

pilum

Answer 21

throwing spear

Question 22

gladius

Answer 22

sword

Question 23

aquila (military)

Answer 23

the eagle statue standard of the legion

Question 24

signum

Answer 24

standard of a cohort or maniple

Question 25

**vexillum**

Answer 25

flag

Question 26

**tuba**

Answer 26

trumpet

Question 27

**sarcina**

Answer 27

a soldier's personal knapsack

Question 28

What is the difference between an **impeditus miles** and an **expeditus miles**?

Answer 28

**impeditus** - when a soldier wears **sarcina** (personal knapsack) **expeditus** - when a soldier does not wear his **sarcina**

Question 29

**tesserae** (military)

Answer 29

military passwords to get into the camp

Question 30

**aries**

Answer 30

battering ram

Question 31

**testudo**

Answer 31

battle formation with shields held overhead

Question 32

**ballista**

Answer 32

machine for hurling heavy stones and blocks of wood

Question 33

**catapulta**

Answer 33

machine for hurling large arrows and javelins

Question 34

**scorpio**

Answer 34

light catapult for hurling stones and darts (similar to an **onager**)

Question 35

What is the difference between a **navis longa** and a **navis oneraria**?

Answer 35

**navis longa** - battleship **navis oneraria** - transport ship