Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

(132 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

MCC distributive shock

A

septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal urine output

A

0.5 mL/kg/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HTN Tx with diuretics

A
  • thiazides.

- loop diuretics only if renal dysfn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACE MOA

A

incr bradykinin, incr prostaglandins (vasodilator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kerley B lines

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx HTN urgency/emergency

A
  • nitroprusside.

- with MI: nitroglycerin, BB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tx aortic dissection

A

nitroprusside + BB + urgent surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S3 gallop

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Elderly with suspected CHF. What else to order?

A

TSH (thyrotoxicosis causing CHF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute & Chronic angina Tx

A

Acute: SL nitroglycerin, SL isosorbide.
Chronic: BB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NSTEMI Tx

A

Antiplatelet (ASA, clopidogrel) + Anticoagulant (heparin, enoxaparin)

BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

STEMI Tx

A

ASA + clopidogrel

PCI or thrombolytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thrombolysis contraindications

A
  • Absolute: hemorr stroke previously, stroke within 1yr, intracranial neoplasm, active bleed, aortic dissection
  • Relative: trauma within 3-4wks, sure within 3wks, cardiopulm resuscitation, pre, PUD, anticoag use, BP>180, diabetic retinopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

VSD, RV outflow obstruction (pulm stenosis), overriding aorta, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

widened pulse pressure

A

AR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

midsystolic/ejection click

A

MVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

opening snap

A

MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Holiday heart

A

A. fib with incr ETOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx PSVT

A

adenosine, verapamil (CCB)

prevention: CCB, BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx chronic A flutter

A

amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brugada’s

A

asians, male, syncope, VF, sudden death

EKG: RBBB, ST elevation V1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx VT

A

cardioversion (unstable), amiodarone, procainamide, lidocaine (stable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

electric alternans

A

pericardial effusion (pathognomonic)

-cyclic shift in amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, COPD

> 10mmHg decr SBP with inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
narrow pulse pressure
cardiac tamponade, AS
26
Endocarditis Dx
Duke 1. 2 BC 2. echo+ 3. new regurgitant murmur minor: fever, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, Osler, Janeway, Roth spots, glomerulonephritis 2major, 1+1, 3 minor
27
Tx endocarditis
Vanco + ceftriaxone Vanco + gentamicin NO anticoag
28
endocarditis prophylaxis
for invasive dental/surg and infected skin/I&D with: 1. prosthetic valves 2. previous endocarditis 3. congenital heart dz/ HCM 3. heart transplant/ heart repairs -Amoxicillin NOT for GI/GU, valvular dz
29
Rheumatic heart dz Dx
Jones erythema marginatum minor: fever, polyarthralgia, PR prolong, CRP 2major, 1+2 AND pos cult/rapid strep and strep Ab titer (ASO)
30
Tx rheumatic heart dz
IM PCN, bed rest, salicylates, corticosteroids
31
intermittent claudication
PAD
32
PAD of the iliac artery (Leriche's syndrome) leads to what?
erectile dysfunction
33
ABI
PAD
34
PAD Tx
Cilostazol (antiplatelet for intermittent claudication) no smoking, exercise, lipid lowering, sildenafil, thromboendarterectomy
35
Tx venous ulcers
leg elevation, compression bandage/boot
36
DVT definitive Dx
venography
37
DVT Tx
lovenox (LMWH)
38
Giant cell arteritis highly associated with what?
Polymyalgia Rheumatica - elderly female - severe stiffness: neck, shoulders, upper back, pelvic girdle - ESR incr - Tx: NSAIDS, prednisone/steroids
39
Giant cell arteritis Tx
high dose prednisone, low dose ASA
40
MCC aortic aneurysm
atherosclerosis | others: Marfans, Ehlers Danlos
41
Indications for AAA repair
1. >5.5 cm 2. growth >0.5 cm in 6mo 3. symptomatic
42
AAA study of choice
US
43
BB and HF
BB Tx chronic CHF | BB contraindicated in acute CHF
44
Digoxin toxicity
Bradycardia Heart block, ectopy (PVC, VT, PAC) Hyperkalemia predisposing to dig toxicity: hypoK, hypoMg Tx: Fab Ab
45
Beck's triad
pericardial tamponade 1. muffled/distant heart sounds 2. HOTN 3. incr JVP
46
pericardial knock
``` constrictive pericarditis (pericardial thickening/calcification) ``` 3rd heart sound
47
Kussmaul's sign
pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis -incr JVP with inspiration
48
MCC acute pericarditis and myocarditis
viral | Enteroviruses (COXSACKIE B, echovirus)
49
Mobitz I
Wenckebach | progressive PR lengthening
50
Mobitz II, where?
bundle of HIS constant prolonged PR to 3rd AV block
51
Tx bradycardia
ATROPINE | epi, dopamine, pacemaker
52
location of MI: lat, ant, inf
lat: circumflex ant: LAD inf: right coronary
53
incr aldosterone does what?
incr Na
54
Dx ACS with baseline ECG abnorm
pharmacologic stress test (adenosine, dipyridamole)
55
contraindication to treadmill stress test
baseline ECG abnorm, too fat
56
contraindication to pharmacologic stress test
bronchospastic dz
57
Tx Prinzmetal's, cocaine use MI
Prinzmetal's: CCB | Cocaine: CCB, nitrates, benzos
58
S3, S4
S3: systolic HF S4: diastolic HF
59
Cheyne Stokes
L-sided CHF
60
normal EF
55-60
61
CHF Tx: Na restriction, fluid restriction
Na:
62
ADR loop diuretics, thiazides
hypoNa, hypoK, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
63
ADR K sparing diuretic
gynecomastia, hyperK
64
pos inotropic
digoxin, dobutamine, epi
65
batwing on CXR
CHF
66
MCC dilated cardiomyopathy
idiopathic other: enterovirus, ETOH, cocaine, preg, doxorubicin
67
MCC restrictive cardiomyopathy
amyloidosis
68
incr/decr HCM murmur
decr: squatting incr: standing, valsalva
69
Tx HCM
BB
70
erythema marginatum
rheumatic fever
71
MCC rheumatic fever
GABHS (S pyogenes)
72
squatting in murmurs
increases decr HCM
73
standing, valsalva in murmurs
decreases incr HCM
74
handgrip in murmurs
incr AR, MR, MS
75
holosystolic murmurs
VSD (harsh), MR/TR (blowing), PDA (continuous machinery), Tetralogy of Fallot (harsh)
76
widely split S2
MR, ASD
77
Rheumatic heart dz associated with what murmur?
MS
78
Tx regurgitation murmurs
vasodilators
79
Rib notching
coarctation of aorta
80
Coarctation of aorta: gold standard Dx
angiogram
81
HTN retinopathy findings
arterial narrowing, AV nicking, hemorrhages, soft exudates Stage IV: papilledema
82
Tx HTN emergency
1st line: Nitroprusside IV enceph: Nitroprusside Cerebral infarction/hemorr, aortic dissection: labetalol Nitro IV, Hydralazine
83
Tx HTN urgency
Clonidine PO
84
LDL goals: CAD/DM, RF for CAD, everyone else
CAD/DM: 130 RF for CAD (HTN, smoking, HDL50y/o): 160 everyone else: 190
85
Drug for LDL
Statins
86
Drug for TG
Fibrates
87
Drug for HDL
Niacin HDL is NIce
88
lipid lowering drug to avoid in DM
Niacin (hyperglycemia)
89
Lipid screening start at what age?
>35 y/o
90
Niacin ADR
hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (gout), hepatotoxicity
91
Fibrates ADR
gallstones, myositis/myalgias
92
Omega 3 for?
TG
93
What to give prior to Niacin to decr flushing?
ASA or ibuprofen
94
Leriche syndrome
PAD | Claudication, impotence, decr femoral pulses
95
Areas of PAD sx in aortic bifurcation/iliac, femoral A, popliteal A.
iliac: buttock, hip, groin femoral A: thigh, upper calf popliteal A: lower calf
96
MC PAD location
femoral A: thigh, upper calf
97
MC AAA location
infrarenal
98
thoracic aneurysm test of choice
CT
99
AAA >4cm and >3cm management
>4: monitor with US Q6mo | >3: monitor Q1yr
100
aortic aneurysm gold standard test
angiography
101
MC aortic dissection site
ascending aorta (type A)
102
aortic dissection gold standard test
MRI angiography
103
Tx types of aortic dissection
``` type A (proximal/ascending): surgery type B (distal/descending): medical (BB) ```
104
Amaurosis fugax
Giant cell arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuritis central retinal artery occlusion
105
Giant cell arteritis Bx findings
Temporal artery Bx: mononuclear lymphs infiltration, multinucleate giant cells
106
Giant cell arteritis Tx
high dose corticosteroids (60mg/day x 6wks)
107
Giant cell arteritis - arteries involved?
external carotid A. -> temporal, occipital, ophthalmic
108
Polymyalgia Rheumatica associated with what?
Giant cell arteritis
109
Tx Raynaud's
CCB
110
Thromboangiitis obliterans / Buerger dz: Sx, Tx, population
Sx: thrombophlebitis, claudication, Raynauds **population: young, tobacco Tx: tobacco cessation
111
hypercoagulability etiologies
malignancy...
112
Trousseau's sign
Superficial thrombophlebitis migratory thrombophlebitis = malignancy, vasculitis
113
most specific DVT sx
unilat edema
114
abnormal Allen test
thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)- nonatherosclerotic dz of sm/med vessels
115
cerulea alba, cerulea dolens
Alba: white milky pallor -> Dolens: cyanosis, swelling of limb with sudden pain -DVT
116
false pos D-dimer
pregnancy
117
DVT gold standard Dx, Tx
gold standard Dx: venography Tx: heparin, LMWH -> warfarin x 3-6 mo
118
extrinsic factors
II, VII, IX, X, protein C/S
119
heparin, warfarin pathways
heparin: intrinsic (in a relationship), PTT warfarin: extrinsic (exes at war), PT
120
Medial/Lateral malleolus ulcer
Medial: venous Lateral: arterial
121
Venous ulcer Tx
wet to dry dressings, hyperbaric O2, edema Tx
122
shock physiology
metab acidosis, LA, sympathetic stim, RAAS stim
123
MAP goal
65-90
124
fluid loss sx 40%
40%: no UOP
125
PCWP (pulm cap wedge pressure) shock
hypovol: decr cardio: incr obstructive: incr distrib: decr SVR (Sys vasc resistance)
126
neuro shock sx
HOTN, bradycardia
127
septic shock sx
INCR CO*** (only one) = warm extrem | decr SVR
128
when to use mechanical valve replacement
129
MC mets to heart
malignant melanoma
130
SLE assoc with what cardiac dz?
pericarditis
131
early morning hrs CP
Prinzmetal's
132
pos tox screen (cocaine, ETOH), CHF (dyspnea)
dilated cardiomyopathy

PANCE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions