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GI Flashcards

(126 cards)

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1
Q

Nephrolithiasis stone size for extraction

A

> = 5mm

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2
Q

IF for?

A

B12 absorption

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3
Q

parietal cells

A

HCl

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4
Q

chief cells

A

pepsin

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5
Q

parietal cells stim by? (3)

A

gastrin, histamine, ACh

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6
Q

beta cells

A

insulin

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7
Q

alpha cells

A

glucagon

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8
Q

PUD Dx test of choice

A

EGD

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9
Q

Achalasia Dx test of choice

A

Esophageal manometry

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10
Q

barium enema (lower GI series) contraindicated in?

A

acute UC

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11
Q

esophagitis: lg superficial shallow ulcers, Tx

A

CMV

Tx: ganciclovir

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12
Q

esophagitis: small deep ulcers, Tx

A

HSV

Tx: acyclovir

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13
Q

pill esophagitis causes (4)

A

NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, KCl, Fe, tetracycline

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14
Q

GERD alarm sx

A

dysphagia, odynophagia, wt loss, bleeding

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15
Q

Barrett’s

A

squamous-> columnar

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16
Q

GERD Dx progression

A

clinical-> endoscopy-> esoph manometry

gold std: 24hr ambulatory pH monitoring

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17
Q

Mallory-Weiss Dx test of choice

A

EGD

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18
Q

bird beak

A

achalasia - esophagram

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19
Q

dysphagia to both solids & liquids

A

achalasia

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20
Q

Tx achalasia

A

decr LES pressure

CCB, nitrates, botox

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21
Q

esophageal spasm sx

A

CP worse with hot/cold liquid/food

similar to angina

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22
Q

corkscrew on esophagram

A

esophageal spasm

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23
Q

boerhaave’s pathophysiology, sx

A

full thickness rupture, distal esophagus

CP worse with deep breaths/swallowing, crepitus, pneumomediastinum

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24
Q

Mallory-Weiss pathophysiology

A

Longitudinal superficial mucosal laceration, gastroesoph jxn

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25
esophageal varices Tx of choice, prevention, etc.
Tx of choice: endoscopic ligation Rx: octreotide TIPS if refractory prophylaxis: nonselective BB
26
hiatal hernia type I, II
type I: GE junction, stomach- sliding | type II: fundus- rolling
27
esophageal neoplasms: location of squamous cell, adenocarcinoma
squamous cell: upper 1/3 | adenocarcinoma: lower 1/3
28
H. pylori Tx
PPI + clarithromycin + amox metronidazole if allergic to PCN
29
PUD alarm sx
>50y/o, dyspepsia, Hx gastric ulcer, anorexia, wt loss, anemia, dysphagia
30
MOA of PPI
block H+/K+ ATP-ase
31
PPI ADR
B12 def
32
MOA of H2 blocker
decr acid/pepsin secretion
33
H2 blocker (Cimetidine) ADR
gynecomastia, impotence
34
Rx prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers
misoprostol
35
MC esophageal, gastric CA
esoph: Squamous cell gastric: Adenocarcinoma
36
RF gastric CA
H. pylori**, nitrites
37
test to confirm H. pylori eradication
urea breath test
38
NONbilious projectile vomiting
pyloric stenosis
39
string sign
pyloric stenosis, Crohns
40
Budd-Chiari syndrome sx
hepatic vein obstruction ascites, hepatomegaly, RUQ pain
41
charcot's triad
cholangitis 1. F/C 2. RUQ pain 3. jaundice
42
Boas sign
cholecystitis right subscapular pain phrenic N. irritation
43
cholecystitis initial test, gold std
initial: US | gold std: HIDA
44
cholecystitis Dx
Murphy's sx, R subscapular pain, fever, N/V
45
cholecystitis: pain control, Tx
pain control: meperidine | NPO, IVF, abx
46
incr indirect/unconj bili, no elevated LFTs
hemolytic/prehepatic Hemolytic anemia, Crigler Najjar, Gilbert's
47
ALT & AST markedly elevated. jaundice.
intrahepatic hepatitis (ETOH, acute/viral/drugs, chronic)
48
incr AST/ALT >2:1 | ALT/AST
AST/ALT: ETOH | ALT/AST: viral, acute
49
acholic stool (pale). jaundice.
post hepatic
50
incr GGT and ALP. jaundice.
post hepatic biliary obstruction, cholestasis, pancreatic CA, Dubin-Johnson
51
physiologic jaundice of NB: Timeframe
3-5 days s/p birth
52
asterixis
flapping hand tremor hepatic encephalopathy
53
fulminant hepatitis: definition, MCC, labs
rapid liver failure + encephalopathy MCC acetaminophen sx: asterixis labs: ammonia, incr PT/INR, hypoglycemia
54
viral hepatitis: spiking fevers
Hep A
55
screening test for hepatocellular CA
AFP, US
56
HBsAg
infection (before sx)
57
HBcAb
infection
58
HBsAb
immunity
59
HBeAg
incr infectivity
60
HBeAb
decr infectivity
61
Hep B vaccine: contraindications, schedule
CI: Baker's yeast allergy 0, 1, 6 mo
62
Tx hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose neomycin protein restriction
63
Tx hepatic-related pruritis
Cholestyramine
64
progressive jaundice, pruritis, hepatosplenomegaly. what am i?
primary sclerosing cholangitis
65
primary sclerosing cholangitis assoc with what dz?
UC
66
Dx Wilson's dz
incr urine Cu excretion | decr ceruloplasmin
67
MCC acute pancreatitis (and others)
GALLSTONES #2. ETOH other: scorpion bite
68
Ranson's (admission) criteria
gluc >200, LDH >350, AST >250, age >55, WBC >16 >=3 is severe
69
sentinel loop, colon cutoff sign
acute pancreatitis
70
analgesia in acute pancreatitis
meperidine
71
MCC chronic pancreatitis, and in kids
ETOH Cystic fibrosis in kids
72
Dx chronic pancreatitis (3)
1. calcified pancreas (Xray) 2. steatorrhea 3. DM amylase, lipase NORMAL
73
RF pancreatic CA
smoking** | >60 y/o, chronic, DDT, coal tar, ETOH, DM, male
74
pancreatic CA: MC location, sx
location: head, ductal sx: PAINLESS JAUNDICE, wt loss, abdom/back pain
75
pancreatic CA: initial test, labs
CT incr CEA, CA 19-9
76
Courvoisier's sign
palpable NONtender GB, jaundice- associated with pancreatic CA
77
persistent vitteline duct/yolk stalk
Meckel's diverticulum
78
Meckel's diverticulum sx, rules
sx: painless rectal bleeding rule of 2's: 2ft from ileocecal valve, 2in length, 2y/o, boys
79
intussusception age, Dx, Tx
age
80
foods that cause/not cause celiac
yes: wheat, rye, barley no: oats, rice, corn
81
lactose intolerance: test of choice
hydrogen breath test
82
Dx diverticular dz
CT
83
Rovsing sign
RLQ pain with LLQ palpation appendicitis
84
relief with defecation
IBS
85
acute vs. chronic mesenteric ischemia
acute: MCC occlusion, pain out of proportion chronic: chronic, dull, worse after meals, "intestinal angina"
86
Toxic megacolon: definition, Tx
colon dilation >6cm, systemic toxicity Tx: bowel decompression
87
UC: complications
complications: primary sclerosing cholangitis, toxic megacolon both UC and Chrohns: arthritis (seronegative)
88
Crohn's: complications
complications: B12 def both UC and Chrohns: arthritis (seronegative)
89
UC: Dx, contraindications
Dx: flex sigmoidoscopy CI: colonoscopy, barium enema
90
Crohn's: Dx
upper GI series
91
colon polyps- hyperplastic, adenomatous, villous adenoma
hyperplastic: low risk adenomatous: cancerous in 10-20yrs villous adenoma: highest risk
92
colorectal CA screening
50y/o Q10yrs 1st degree relative >60y/o: 40y/o Q10yrs 1st degree relative
93
colorectal CA Tx
chemo (5FU)
94
hernia below the inguinal ligament
femoral
95
when to repair umbilical hernia
present >5y/o
96
BRBPR
internal hemorrhoid, anal fissures
97
location, Tx anorectal abscess
post wall I&D, NO ABX
98
MC location anal fissures
post midline
99
vit A def
``` squamous metaplasia Bitot spots (white spots on conjunctiva) ```
100
Thiamin def, aka
Beriberi paresthesias Wernicke's: opthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion Korsakoff's: dementia
101
Niacin def, aka
Pellagra | 3 D's: dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea
102
B12 def
NEURO SX hypersegs vegans
103
Schilling test
B12 def
104
Phenylketonuria: sx, Dx
sx: after birth, vomit, MR blonde, blue eyes, fair skin Dx: mousy odor urine Tx: NO (phenylalanine) cheese, nuts, fish, meat, eggs, chicken, milk, legumes, aspartame
105
Zofran MOA
block serotonin receptors (5-HT3)
106
Reglan (metoclopramide), Phenergan MOA, ADR
MOA: block CNS dopamine receptors ADR: QT prolong, EPS
107
MC gastroenteritis adults, kids
adults: Norovirus kids: Rotavirus
108
fried rice, diarrhea
Bacillus cereus
109
dairy, diarrhea
Staph
110
grey, no fecal odor- stools
Vibrio cholerae
111
Tx C. diff
Flagyl
112
Tx Shigella
Bactrim
113
febrile seizures, diarrhea
Shigella
114
sickle cell disease, diarrhea
Salmonella
115
AIDS, diarrhea
Isospora belli, Cryptosporidium
116
Tx Giardia
Flagyl
117
frothy, greasy, foul diarrhea
Giardia
118
HA-> fever, diarrhea, blanching rose spots
Typhoid fever (Salmonella)
119
Bulk laxatives
Psyllium, Citrucel, Fibercon, Benefiber
120
Osmotic laxatives
PEG (Golytely, Miralax), sorbitol, lactulose, MOM, Mg citrate
121
Stimulant laxatives
Dulcolax, Senna
122
Whipple's disease
malabsorption, fever farmers (soil)
123
dermatitis herpetiformis assoc with what?
Celiac pruritic, papulovesicular rash- extensor surfaces
124
Celiac Dx, definitive Dx
IgA, transglutaminase definitive Dx: small bowel Bx
125
Vit B1
thiamine
126
Vit B3
niacin

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