CV Herbs Flashcards by Emma Petshow

Rauwolfia serpentina

1.) Actions & Indications

(Snake root) containing indole alkaloids (Reserpine)

) Actions & Indications
i. ) Strong Hypotensive
a. ) HTN, Pre-eclampsia
ii. ) Antiarrhythmic
iii. ) Antipsychotic (depletes catecholamine stores)
iv. ) Vasodilation (Raynaud’s)

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Rauwolfia serpentina

2a.) Contraindications

2a. ) Contraindications
i. ) Depression (b/c it depletes 5-HT)
ii. ) Parkinson’s (bc/ it depletes Dopamine)
iii. ) Hyperprolactinemia (b/c low dopamine levels sends a positive feedback mechanism to increase prolactin)
iv. ) Ulcerative colitis
v. ) Pregnancy

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Rauwolfia serpentina

2b. ) Interactions
i. ) MAOI, TCAs, SSRI - Rauwolfia counteracts these medications
ii. ) Cardiac Glycosides (Increases the risk of bradycardia, angina, arrhythmias)

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Rauwolfia serpentina

SE & Tox

i. ) Nasal Congestion
ii. ) Transient Loose Stool
iii. ) Sodium retention resulting in edema

TOX

i. ) Nightmares
ii. ) Peptic ulcers & Hyperchlorhydria
iii. ) Bradycardia
iv. ) Depression & Parkinsonism

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Olea europea

1.) Actions & Indications

i. ) Hypotensive
ii. ) Antiviral
iii. ) Antioxidant
iv. ) Bitter Digestive Stimulant

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Viscum flavescens (American Mistletoe)

) Actions & Indications
i. ) Smooth muscle stimulant
a. ) to increase blood pressure
b. ) Increase intestinal contractions
ii. ) Abortifacient

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Viscum flavescens (CI)

C: pregnancy/lactation

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Viscum flavescens (SE)

i. ) Nausea
ii. ) Hypertension
iii. ) Hypovolemic shock
iv. ) Cardiovascular collapse (bradycardia, hypotension)

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Digitalis purpurea
(Foxglove)
1.) Actions & Indications

i. ) Cardiac Glycoside (Positive Inotrope, Negative Chronotrope)
a. ) CHF, arrhythmias (but not ventricular arrhythmias)
ii. ) Vasoconstriction

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Digitalis purpurea
(Foxglove)
CI

i. ) Ventricular arrhythmias
ii. ) Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypo/hypercalcemia
iii. ) Kidney failure
iv. ) Pregnancy/Lactation

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Digitalis purpurea

Interactions

i. ) Potassium-depleting agents may potentiate toxicity
a. ) Corticosteroids
b. ) Diuretics
c. ) Glycyrrhiza glabra, Equisetum
d. ) Other cardiac glycosides (Digoxin)

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Digitalis purpurea

SE & Tox

3a. ) Side Effects
i. ) Yellow/Green halo in vision
ii. ) Bradycardia (negative chronotrope)
iii. ) Gynecomastia

3b. )Toxicity
i. ) Narrow therapeutic window
ii. ) Recirculates in enterohepatic cycle
iii. ) Toxicity may be lethal (Antidote = Potassium & digoxin antibodies)

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Ephedra sinica

1.) Actions & Indications

Ephedra sinica
(Ma Huang) contains ephedrine (alkaloid)
1.) Actions &amp; Indications
       i.) Alpha Adrenergic Agonist
             a.) Secretolytic
             b.) Vasoconstrictor 
             c.) Urinary incontinence
       ii.) Mild Beta-Adrenergic Agonist
             a.) Bronchodilator (sinusitis, asthma, COPD)
             b.) Antitussive
       iii.) Mast cell stabilizer (Allergic rhinitis)
       iv.) Hypertensive
       v.) Thermogenic
             a.) Previously used for weight loss
       vi.) Circulatory stimulant

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Ephedra sinica (CI)

i. ) HTN, CAD
ii. ) BPH, Glaucoma (r/t anticholinergic-type effect)
iii. ) Pregnancy/Lactation
iv. ) High Doses

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Ephedra sinica (SE)

i. ) Increased Alertness, Nervousness, Insomnia
ii. ) Nausea, Vomiting
iii. ) Diaphoresis
iv. ) Urinary retention
v. ) Tachycardia, Palpitations
vi. ) Seizures

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Allium cepa & sativum

1.) Actions & Indications

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a. ) Antiatherosclerotic
b. ) Antiplatelet
c. ) Hypolipidemic
d. ) Hypoglycemic
e. ) Antihelminthic (Garlic only)
f. ) Antimicrobial (h.pylori, candidiasis)

Allium cepa & sativum (CI)

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i. ) Bleeding Disorders & Anticoagulant Agents

ii. ) Hypothyroidism (b/c it inhibits the uptake of iodine)

Allium cepa & sativum (SE)

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Bleeding

Vinca major/minor

1.) Actions & Indications

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i. ) Circulatory Stimulant
a. ) Poor Memory
ii. ) Hypotensive
iii. ) Astringent
a. ) Hematuria, epistaxis
b. ) metrorrhagia

Vinca major/minor

2.) Contraindications & Interactions

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C: Pregnancy, constipation (b/c its astringent), hypotension

Rosmarinus officinalis

1.) Actions & Indications

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i. ) Hypertensive
ii. ) Circulatory stimulant
iii. ) Nootropic (Memory booster)
iv. ) Liver tonic (Induces phase 1&2 enzymes)
v. ) Topical Rubefacient

Rosmarinus officinalis (CI and Interactions)

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2.) Contraindications & Interactions
C: Pregnancy
I: may lead to hypertensive crisis if used with another hypertensive agent

Centella asiatica

1.) Actions & Indications

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i. ) Venotonic (Hemorrhoids, Varicose Veins, Venous insufficiency)
ii. ) Vulnerary & Keratolytic (Scar inhibiting)
iii. ) Nootropic (memory booster)

Selenicereus (Cactus) grandiflorus

1.) Actions & Indications

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i.) Antiarrhythmic

Selenicereus (Cactus) grandiflorus (CI) and Tox

2.) Contraindications & Interactions C: Pregnancy, Lactation, High dose 3. ) Toxicity i. ) Arrhythmia ii. ) Tachycardia

Convallaria majalis | 1.) Actions & Indications

i. ) Positive Inotrope & Negative Chronotrope (Cardiac glycoside) -> milder than Digitalis ii. ) Diuretic iii. ) Vasoconstrictor (Hypotension)

Convallaria | 2a.) Contraindications

i. ) Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypo/Hypercalcemia ii. ) Ventricular arrhythmia iii. ) Kidney Failure iv. ) Severe carditis v. ) Pregnancy/Lactation vi. ) Potassium-depleting medications a. ) Digoxin, Digitalis b. ) Corticosteroids c. ) Thiazides d. ) Glycyrrhiza glabra e. ) Stimulant laxatives

Convallaria | 2b.) Interactions

i. ) Calcium potentiates arrhythmias | ii. ) Diuretic effect may reduce the clearance of Lithium & lead to toxicity potentiation

Convallaria | 3a.) Side Effects

i. ) Yellow/Green Halo in vision ii. ) Bradycardia iii. ) Gynecomastia

Crataegus oxyacantha | 1.) Actions & Indications

i. ) Positive Inotrope & Negative Chronotrope (not from cardiac glycosides) a. ) CHF, Angina, Arrhythmia ii. ) Antihypertensive & Antiatherosclerotic a. ) Capillary fragility, HTN iii. ) Antioxidant

Leonurus cardiaca 1.) Actions & Indications 2. ) Contraindications i. ) Digestive Stimulant Contraindications

(motherwort) contains iridoid glycosides 1. ) Actions & Indications i. ) Antiarrhythmic ii. ) Nervine iii. ) Uterine Tonic a. ) Menopausal symptoms b. ) Uterine Fibroids c. ) Endometriosis iv. ) Bitter Digestive Stimulant

Leonurus cardiaca | 2.) Contraindications

i.) Digestive Stimulant Contraindications

``` Veratrum alba (viride) 1.) Actions & Indications ```

1. ) Actions & Indications | i. ) Antihypertensive

Veratrum | 2.) Contraindications & Interactions

C: Pregnancy/Lactation

Veratrum | 3.) Side Effects & Toxicity

Cardio/Neurotoxic) No longer used to due to extreme toxicity. Very narrow therapeutic window! i.) Hypotension then Hypertension ii.) Bradycardia then Tachycardia iii.) Neuropathy iv.) Mydriasis & Blurry Vision v.) Weakness

CV Herbs Flashcards

(35 cards)