CV - introduction to the 12-lead interpretation

Question 1

what are the “inferior” leads?

Answer 1

II
III
aVF

Question 2

what are the “lateral” leads?

Answer 2

I

aVL

Question 3

what are the right chest leads?

Answer 3

V1

V2

Question 4

what are the left chest leads?

Answer 4

V5

V6

Question 5

what do the right chest leads monitor?

Answer 5

right ventricle

Question 6

what do the left chest leads monitor?

Answer 6

left ventricle

Question 7

the normal QRS axis is defined as ranging from __________ to __________ degrees.

Answer 7

-30

+90

Question 8

-30 to -90 degrees is referred to as a __________.

Answer 8

left axis deviation (LAD)

Question 9

+90 to +180 degrees is referred to as a __________.

Answer 9

right axis deviation (RAD)

Question 10

normal axis is positive in both leads __________ and __________.

Answer 10

I

II

Question 11

left axis is positive in lead __________ and negative in lead __________.

Answer 11

I

II

Question 12

right axis is negative in lead __________ and positive in lead __________.

Answer 12

I

II

Question 13

indeterminate axis is negative in both leads __________ and __________.

Answer 13

I

II

Question 14

__________ axis is positive in lead I and negative in lead II

Answer 14

left

Question 15

__________ axis is negative in lead I and positive in lead II.

Answer 15

right

Question 16

in a right bundle branch block, there is a __________ QRS, a __________ deflection in right-sided leads and a __________ deflection in left-sided leads on ECG.

Answer 16

widened
positive
negative

Question 17

in a right bundle branch block, there is a widened __________, a positive terminal QRS deflection in __________-sided leads and a negative terminal QRS deflection in __________-sided leads on ECG.

Answer 17

QRS
right
left

Question 18

the V6 lead is a __________-sided lead, and records a __________ QRS with a __________ terminal QRS deflection on ECG of a right bundle branch block.

Answer 18

left
widened
negative

Question 19

the V1 lead is a __________-sided lead, and records a __________ QRS with a __________ terminal QRS deflection on ECG of a right bundle branch block.

Answer 19

right
widened
positive

Question 20

in a left bundle branch block you have a __________ QRS with conduction __________ V1 and __________ V6.

Answer 20

widened
away from
towards

Question 21

the V6 lead is a __________-sided lead, and records a __________ QRS with a __________ terminal QRS deflection which is described as __________, on ECG of a left bundle branch block.

Answer 21

left
widened
positive
“rabbit-eared”

Question 22

the V1 lead is a __________-sided lead, and records a __________ QRS with a __________ terminal QRS deflection which is described with a __________, on ECG of a left bundle branch block.

Answer 22

right
widened
negative
diminished Q deflection

Question 23

a left anterior hemiblock causes __________ deviation on ECG with a __________ lead I and __________ lead II.

Answer 23

left axis
positive
negative

Question 24

left posterior hemiblock causes __________ deviation on ECG with a __________ lead I and __________ lead II.

Answer 24

right axis
negative
positive

Question 25

right atrial hypertrophy results in an __________ in the initial voltage of the P wave, and a __________ appearance of the P wave.

Answer 25

increase | peaked

Question 26

right atrial hypertrophy results in an increase in the initial voltage of the __________.

Answer 26

P wave

Question 27

left atrial hypertrophy results in a __________ or __________ appearance of the P wave.

Answer 27

widened | notched

Question 28

left atrial hypertrophy results in a widened or notched appearance of the __________.

Answer 28

P wave

Question 29

left ventricular hypertrophy presents on ECG with a normal __________ duration with extremely high voltage (positive deflection) in leads __________ and __________ (__________-sided leads).

Answer 29

QRS V5 V6 left

Question 30

right ventricular hypertrophy presents on ECG with an __________ wave that exceeds the __________ wave.

Answer 30

R | S

Question 31

__________ and __________ leads monitor the anteroseptal wall of the heart.

Answer 31

V1 | V2

Question 32

__________ and __________ leads monitor the anterior wall of the heart.

Answer 32

V3 | V4

Question 33

__________ and __________ leads monitor the anterolateral wall of the heart.

Answer 33

V5 | V6

Question 34

__________, __________ and __________ leads monitor the inferior wall of the heart.

Answer 34

II III aVF

Question 35

an acute inferior myocardial infarct presents with ECG recordings of __________ and __________ in the inferior leads (__________, __________ and __________).

Answer 35

``` ST elevations abnormal Q waves II III aVF ```

Question 36

an acture anteroseptal myocardial infarction presents with ECG recordings of __________ and __________ in the anteroseptal and anterior wall leads (__________, __________, __________).

Answer 36

``` ST elevations abnormal Q waves V1 V2 V3 ```

Question 37

acute pericarditis presents with __________ in __________ leads.

Answer 37

diffuse ST elevation | multiple (no localization)

Question 38

the most efficient way to estimate axis is to look at leads __________ (__________ ) and __________ (__________).

Answer 38

I (lateral) | aVF (inferior)