Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Test 2 Nursing > CV Pharmacology > Flashcards

CV Pharmacology Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used for:

A
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
  • myocardial infarction
  • diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy
  • clients at high risk for a CV event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors

A
  • First dose orthostatic hypotension with diuretics
  • cough related to kinase
  • Hyperkalemia
  • rash
  • Angioedema– d/c drug- administer epinephrine
  • neutropenia- rare- monitor WBC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medication and food interactions for ACE inhibitors

A
  • diuretics - first dose hypotension
  • antihypertensive meds-additive effect
  • K+ supplements
  • ⬆️ levels of lithium carbonate
  • NSAIDS- ⬇️ risk of effect of ACR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ACE inhibitor suffix

A

“-pril”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ARBs suffix

A

“-sartan”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are ARBs used for:

A
  • hypertension
  • HF and prevention of mortality following MI
  • stroke prevention
  • delay progression of diabetic nephropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the side effects of ARBs

A
  • Angioedema

* Fetal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

K+ sparing diuretics

A

“-tone”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Discontinue what medication before starting ACE inhibitors?

A

Discontinue diuretics 3 days before starting ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Loop Diuretic Medication

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Medication

A

hydrochlorothiazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

K+ sparing diuretic medication

A

“-tone” spironolactone/aldactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osmotic Diuretic Medication

A

Mannitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Potassium and Digoxin concerns

A

Low K+ level will potentiate the action of Digoxin

Place patients on Digoxin at risk for toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ACE Inhibitor Medications

A

Enalapril
Captopril
Lininopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ACE inhibitors are what?

A

Vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pressor

A

Something which causes the BP to go up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alpha pressor

A

Pressurizes the arteries - Tighten up the arteries by stimulating the alpha receptors in the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Beta pressor

A

Pressurizes heart or lungs - stimulate the beta1 receptors in the heart - this increases both HR and inotropy (contractility), which ↑ CO and hopefully BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Beta 1

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Beta 2

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Beta Blocker Medications

A

metoprolol (Lopressor)

atenolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
4 B's to watch out for when giving Beta Blockers
Bradycardia < 60 Decreased BP Bronchoconstriction Blood Sugar Masking
25
A calcium channel blocker is a what?
Vasodilator
26
Calcium Channel Blocker medications
amlodipine (Norvasc) nifedipine (Procardia) diltiazem (Cardizem)
27
Calcium Channel Blockers - MUCH
Meals give with Under 100 systolic Blocks calcium Hypertension
28
ARBs Medications
``` losartan (Cozaar) candesartan (Atacand) losartan (Cozaar) valsartan (Diovan) telmisartan (Micardia) olmesartan (Benicar) ```
29
Hypertension and CHF Medications ABCD
Ace Inhibitors Beta Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers Diuretics
30
Hypertension Medications
Diuretics - volume depletion Aldosterone Receptor Blockers - inhibits aldosterone binding Beta-Blockers - block SNS, ↓ HR and BP, used after MI Vasodilators - ↓ peripheral resistance --> ↓ BP & ↑ CO ACE inhibitors - ↑ peripheral resistance --> ↓ BP Calcium Channel Blockers - ↓ workload of heart through arterial vasodilation, reduce cardiac afterload
31
HTN Medications 2 main actions
Decrease the volume of circulating blood Reduce SVR
32
Vasodilators
``` Hydralazine (Apresoline) Nitrates (Nitroglycerine) Beta blockers ACE inhibitors CCBs ```
33
MI/Unstable Angina -- MONA
Oxygen at 4L/min Aspirin - antiplatelet action Nitroglycerin SL or spray - if BP > 90 Morphine IV - if pain not relieved with NTG
34
Medications used to treat HF
``` ACE Inhibitors - lower PVR, ↓ BP ARBs - same as above Diuretics - remove fluid from the body Cardiac Glycosides - digoxin Beta-Blockers - block SNS, ↓ workload of the heart ```
35
Nitrates are used to treat
Ischemia Angina MI
36
Nitrates do what
Dilate veins, reducing preload, dilate coronary arteries Increase blood flow
37
Short Acting Nitrate Medication
Nitroglycerin
38
Long Acting Nitrate Medication
Isordil Nitroglycerin ointment nitro transdermal patch
39
Nitroglycerin used to treat
Acute anginal attacks Instruct to lie down Repeat at 5 minute intervals If pain persists after 3 doses --> Dr. or ER
40
Dysrhythmia Medication Classifications
``` Class 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers Class 2 - Beta blockers Class 3 - Potassium channel blockers Class 4 - Calcium channel blockers Misc. - Adenosine and Digoxin ```
41
Sodium Channel Blocker Medication
Quinidine | Lidocaine
42
Potassium Channel Blocker Medications
Amiodarone
43
Misc. Dysrhythmia Medications
Adenosine | Digoxin
44
Digoxin Toxicity
``` anorexia N&V visual disturbances (halos, blurry vision) lethargy bradycardia heart block tachydysrhythmias ```
45
Coagulation Modifier Drugs
Anticoagulants Antiplatelet Thrombolytic Hemostatic or Antifibrinolytic
46
Anticoagulant Medication
Heparin | warfarin (Coumadin)
47
Adverse effects of anticoagulants
``` BLEEDING nausea vomiting abdominal cramps thrombocytopenia ```
48
Heparin is monitored by what
aPTTs | activated partial thromboplastin times
49
Heparin half life
short | 1-2 hours
50
Heparin effects are reversed by what
protamine sulfate
51
Low-molecular-weight heparins Medications
enoxaparin (lovenox) | dalteparin (Fragmin)
52
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is monitered by what
PT-INR | Therapeutic is 2-4
53
What is given if warfarin toxicity occurs?
phytonadione (vitamin K)
54
When a patient is on warfarin, assess:
``` patient hx, med hx, allergies CIs baseline VS, lab values potential drug interactions - there are MANY Hx of abnormal bleeding conditions ```
55
When is warfarin started?
2-3 days after d/c heparin | Full therapeutic effect takes several days
56
Antiplatelet Medications
Aspirin dipyridamole (Perssantine) clopidogrel (Plavix) and ticlopidine (Ticlid)
57
Antifibrinolytic drugs do what?
Promote clot formation
58
When are antifibrinolytic drugs used?
prevent bleeding after surgery or tubes
59
Antifibrinolytic Medications
``` aminocaproic acid (Amicar) desmopressin (DDAVP) ```
60
Adverse effects of antifibrinolytic drugs
Uncommon and mild
61
Thrombolytic Medications
``` Older: streptokinase and urokinase Newer: Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) streptokinase (Streptase) alteplase (Activase) ```
62
Mechanism of action for thrombolytic drugs
b/d the clot in the BV quickly
63
Adverse effects of thrombolytic drugs
BLEEDING
64
Anticoagulant education
``` Regular lab testing signs of abnormal bleeding measures to prevent bruising, bleeding, tissue injury Wear medical alert bracelet Avoid foods high in vitamin K Consult physician before OTC meds ```

Test 2 Nursing (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions