CV & Pulmonary Equations

Question 1

Cardiac Volumes:

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)==

Answer 1

Amt of blood in ventricles @ the END of diastole
~110 mL

End Diastolic Volume

Yaaaaaa!!!!

Question 2

Cardiac Volumes:

End Systolic Volume (ESV)/End residual volume ==

Answer 2

Amt of blood in the ventricles @ the END of systole
~40mL

End sytolic volume/end residual volume

Question 3

Cardiac Volumes:

Stroke Volume (SV)==

Answer 3

Amt of blood Ejected from ventricles @ Systole
~70mL**

EDV-ESV

WHOLE amt of blood ejected from vents

Question 4

Cardiac Volumes:

Atrial Systole accts for ~___% of EDV

Answer 4

15-30%

Question 5

Cardiac Output (CO)==

Answer 5

HR*SV
(~70mL x 70bpm==5L/min)

CO==HRxSV ***

Question 6

Ejection Fraction (EF)==

Answer 6

% of blood ejected OVER received to the ventricles
~60-70%

SV/EDV OR (EDV-ESV)/EDV

Question 7

Cardiac Pressures:

Central Venous Pressure (CVP) or Preload

Answer 7

0-8mm Hg Diastolic pressure

Question 8

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) or Afterload

Answer 8

119/79 mmHg

Question 9

Cardiac Pressures:

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) ==

Answer 9

(SBP+2DBP)/3

MAP also== COxTPR

Question 10

Cardiac Pressures:

BP==

Answer 10

COxTPR

CO==HRxSV

Question 11

Cardiac Pressures:

Pulse Pressure==

Answer 11

SBP-DBP

*not as important

Question 12

Cardiac Pressures:

Myocardial O2 Consumption/Rate Pressure Product==

Answer 12

Total Workload of the Heart==HRxSBP

RPP= HRxSBP

Question 13

Vascular:

a-v02 Difference==

Answer 13

Diff bw arterial partial pressure and venous partial pressure
@rest ~25%
w/ exercise ~75%

a-v02 Difference

Question 14

Pulmonary:

Tidal Volume==

Answer 14

Amt of air that moves IN or OUT of the lungs w/ ea respiratory cycle

500mL healthy male
400mL health female

Question 15

Pulmonary:

Minute Ventilation (VE)==

Answer 15

VTxRR

Units: L/min

Question 16

Pulmonary:

Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)==

Answer 16

VTmax * RRmax

units: L/min

Question 17

Pulmonary:

Ventilatory Index ==

Answer 17

VE/MVV

normal exercise ~60%

Question 18

Pulmonary:

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)==

Answer 18

VT+Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Question 19

Pulmonary:

Functional Residual Capacity (REC)==

Answer 19

RV + Expiratory reserve volume

Question 20

Pulmonary:

Vital Capacity (VC) ==

Answer 20

Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume + VT

Question 21

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)==

Answer 21

Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume + VT + RV

Question 22

Pulmonary:

FEV1/FVC==

Answer 22

% of air EXHALED in first second of forced exhalation
*should be around ~75%

FEV1/FVC

Question 23

Pulmonary:

Ventilation (V) and Perfusion (Q) match:

Answer 23

Ventilation (V)/Perfusion (Q)
**Avg=.80

Avg 4L/5L=.80

Question 24

V/Q Matching
SHUNT

Answer 24

0-LOW V/normal Q
Ex. PNA (pneumonia)

0-low V/norm Q

Question 25

V/Q Matching PHYSIOLOGICAL **DEAD SPACE

Answer 25

Norm V/0-LOW Q Ex. PE (pulmonary embolism) | norm V/0-low Q

Question 26

# Pulmonary: Diffusion==

Answer 26

Dalton's law for partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in alveoli/adjacent capillaries and all membranes

Question 27

O2 Carrying Capacity (CaO2)==

Answer 27

(1.34)(HgB concentration)(SaO2)

Question 28

# Bring it all together: Maximum O2 Consumption (VO2max)==

Answer 28

Pt @ which O2 consumption does NOT inc w/ an inc'd exercise intensity | consumed as much as they could==fitness lvl

Question 29

# Bring it all together: VO2==

Answer 29

CO * (a-v02) | CO=HR x SV ## Footnote Avg person can achieve 30-40mL/kg/min

Question 30

# Bring it all together: AVG person can achieve _________VO2max

Answer 30

30-40mL/kg/min

Question 31

# Bring it all together: MET lvls==

Answer 31

Lvls of exercise intensity | Metabolic Equivalents ## Footnote Avg person can achieve 10 METS

Question 32

# Bring it all together: One MET ==

Answer 32

Amt of O2 consumed *while sitting @ rest* = 3.5ml O2 per kg bw/min | VO2 3.5mL/kg/min==1 MET

Question 33

# Body Composition Equations: Body Mass Index (BMI)==

Answer 33

Body mass (kg)/Ht (M^2) | if using inches/lbs, MUST convert first: (Ht in inches x .0254)^2 and Kg

Question 34

# Body Composition Equations: Waist:Hip Ratio (WHR)==

Answer 34

Waist circumference (above iliac crest)/Hip circumference (@ maximal gluteal circumference) | can use inches or cm since ratio/percentage--stay consistent!

Question 35

# Body Composition Equations: Fat Mass ==

Answer 35

Body mass x %BF in decimals | Use Kg (Kg=lbs/2.2) ## Footnote Ex. Fat mass = body mass x (%fat/100) 50kg x .252==12.5kg

Question 36

# Body Composition Equations: Lean Body Wt (LBW) or Fat Free Body Mass (FFM)==

Answer 36

Body Mass (use Kg) - Fat mass | FFM=Body mass-Fat mass =50kg - 12.5kg == 37.5kg

Question 37

# Body Composition Equations: Determining "Goal BW" Goal BW ==

Answer 37

Lean BW/1-%fat desired | For %fat desired: use normal values Males=15%, Females=27%

Question 38

# Body Composition Equations: Determine Fat Loss Goal Desired Fat Loss==

Answer 38

Present Body Mass-Goal BW | Use when wristing Goals!

Question 39

Calculating caloric deficit you need to create amt of "fat loss" desired

Answer 39

Convert to lbs (lbs=Kg x 2.2) 1lb fat= 3500 kcals