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NPTE PREP (Josh) > MSK-Essentials > Flashcards

MSK-Essentials Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Body’s 3 sources of ATP
AKA Energy Systems

A
  1. ATP-PC (Phosphagen) System
  2. Anaerobic Glycolysis (Lactic Acid) System
  3. Aerobic (Oxygen) System
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2
Q

ATP-PC System

Think HIGH int, SHORT duration

A
  • ATP prod during HIGH int, SHORT duration ex.
  • Time= 15s

Ex. Sprinting 100m

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3
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System

Think HIGH int, SHORT duration, but longer vs ATP-PC

A
  • ATP during HIGH int, SHORT duration acts
  • Time= 30-40s

Ex. Sprinting 400 or 800m

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4
Q

Aerobic System

Think LOW int, LOOOONG duration

A
  • ATP during LOW int, LOONG duration acts
  • ATP production FAR greater, BUT reqs complicated series of chem rxns

Ex. Running a marathon

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5
Q

Motion occurs in 3 Cardinal Planes: Name them
Around 3 Axes: Name them

A
  • Frontal, Sagittal, Transverse
  • A-P (frontal), Med-Lat (sagittal), Vertical (transverse)
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6
Q

Common Jt Receptors?
(5)

A
  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Golgi lig endings
  3. Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
  4. Pacinian corpuscles
  5. Ruffini endings

LOOK THESE UP!!!

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7
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs
(GTOs)

Remember Tendons sensitive to Tension

A
  • Encapsulated sensory receptors (in tendons) sensitive to TENSION
  • esp when produced by active mm contracts****
  • Transmit info about TENSION or RATE of CHANGE of tension w/in mm
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8
Q

Type I MM Fibers

*Endurance fibers

A
  • Aerobic
  • Red
  • Tonic
  • SLOW-Twitch
  • SLOW-oxidative

endurance

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9
Q

Type II MM Fibers

2-Fast, POWER

A
  • Anaerobic
  • White
  • Phasic
  • FAST-Twitch
  • FAST-Glycolytic
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10
Q

MM Spindles

IN MUSCLE BELLY….think LENGTH

A
  • T/o belly of mm
  • Send info to NS about MM LENGTH or RATE of CHANGE of length
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11
Q

UE

Shoulder Complex

Joints?

A
  • GH
  • SC
  • AC
  • Scapulothoracic (not true jt)
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12
Q

UE

Elbow Complex

Joints?

A
  • Radiohumeral
  • Ulnohumeral
  • Proximal Radioulnar
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13
Q

LE consists of: (4)

A

Hip, Knee, Ankle/foot

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14
Q

Knee Jt

A

Tibiofem
Patellofem

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15
Q

Hip Jt

A

Synovial jt: head of femur + acetabulum

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16
Q

Ankle/Foot formed by:

A

Distal tibiofibular, talocrural, subtalar, midtarsal, forefoot

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17
Q

CS/TS/LS vertebrae

A

CS= 7
TS= 12
LS=5

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18
Q

UQS/LQS consists of: @min…

A
  • posture
  • ROM
  • resistive testing (myos)
  • reflexes
  • dermatomes
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19
Q

Body composition: and ranges

A
  • relative %of bw comprised of fat
  • Men= 12-18%
  • Women= 18-23%
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20
Q

Common methods to assess body comp:

A
  • hydrostatic (GOLD STD.) (water)
  • plethysmography (air)
  • skinfold
  • BMI (ht/wt)
  • bioelectric imp.
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21
Q

LOOSE-packed pos of jt:

A

MIN stress on jt, MIN jt congruency, MIN lig laxity.

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22
Q

CLOSE-pack pos of jt:

A

MAX stress, FULL jt congruency, MAX lig tightness

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23
Q

End-Feel

Study These Flashcards
A

Type of resist felt when PASSIVELY moving jt thru END-ROM
-Firm, Hard, or soft can all be normal OR abnormal depending on the joint
- Empty==ALWAYS abnormal

24
Q

Active Insuff vs Passive Insuff

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Active== when 2-jt mm contracts across BOTH jts simultaneously (MAX shortened)
  • Passive== when 2 jt mm LENGTHENED over both jts simultaneously (MAX lengthened)
25
Standard gait term:
- Heel Strike-> Foot Flat-> Midstance-> Heel off-> Toe off-> Accel-> Midswing-> Decel
26
RLA Gait terms: | I Love Many Types of Pussy In My Tesla*
ISw-> LR-> MSt-> TSt-> PSw-> ISw-> MSw-> TSw
27
Gait: Stance vs Swing
St= 60% Sw= 40%
28
STEP length vs STRIDE length
- STEP= Dist bw Rt heel strike and Left heel strike - STRIDE= Dist bw Rt heel strike **and the next Rt heel strike**
29
# Special Tests Biceps Tendon Patho
- Ludingtons (arms behind head one) - Speeds - Yergason's (You're OUT)
30
# Special Tests RTC patho/impairs/Impingement
- Drop Arm Test - ER lag - Belly Press, Lift off test - Empty can/Full can - Hawkins-Kennedy (impinge) - Neer's (Impinge) - Supraspinatus test?
31
# Special Tests Hip | Contractures, Tightness,
- Ely's (He LIES prone) - Ober (TFL/ITB) - Piriformis (S/L one) - Thomas Test (rec fem, iliopsoas, ITB) - Tripod sign *look up* - 90-90 SLR test
32
# Special Tests ACL (knee)
- Anterior Drawer - Lachman (30deg knee flex and 0) - Lateral Pivot
33
# Special Tests Meniscus (knee)
- Apley's compression/distraction - Bounce home test? - McMurray - 5 part cluster: click/pop, pain flex, pain ext, pain w/ palpation, +McMurray
34
Joint Mobs
- Grade I (pain) and Grade IV (ROM)= Small amp - Grade II (pain) and Grade III (ROM)= Lare amp
35
Grade V manipulation (thrust)
SMALL amp, HIGH velocity thrust performed to **snap adhesions at the limit of ROM**
36
Convex/Concave Rule: | VEX moving on CAVE
- Roll and Slide (Glide) in OPPOSITE directions | NOTE: ROLL always goes in direction of long bone
37
Convex/Concave Rule | CAVE moving on VEX
Roll and Slide (Glide) SAME direction | NOTE: Roll always goes w/ long bone direction
38
ROM Ex's | Purpose
Improve **mobility** of single joint | Includes PROM, AROM, AAROM
39
ROM Ex's typical **progression:**
- BEGIN PROM bc **does not req muscle contraction** - PROGRESS to AROM (mm contract stress joint)
40
Stretching Ex's | Purpose
- Improve mm **flexibility** by INC'ing **extensibility** of musculotendinous unit and connective tissues
41
STATIC stretching | Explain
SAFEST form of stretching - **LOW int, LONG duration** - Greatest gains in **extensibility**
42
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching | Purpose
- Designed to improve **mm flexibility**
43
Ballistic and Dynamic stretching
More often **warm-up** prior to initiating activity
44
A Muscle is made up of what?
Several **muscle fibers** and the connective tissue layers that surround it (LOOK UP!)
45
Resistive training programs | 3 types of mvmts/types
1. Isometric (no jt stress) 2. Isotonic (conc/ecc) 3. Isokinetic (conc/conc)
46
Open Chain vs Closed Chain
- Open chain== Dist segment moves freely in space - Closed chain== Body moving over a **fixed distal segment**
47
Strength training parameters: Vol, Freq, Duration, Intensity vary according to _____
Desired goal of program (strength, endurance, power) | 1-3= power, 3-5= strength, 8-12= hypertrophy, 15+= endurance
48
Hip Precautions THA | PosteroLateral Approach ## Footnote See MSK!!!
AVOID: - hip flexion >90deg - Adduction - IR
49
Common types of Fx's
1. Avulsion 2. Closed 3. Comminuted 4. Compound 5. Greenstick 6. Non-union 7. Stress 8. Spiral
50
Common Pharma agents for MSK Disorders: | LOOK UP!
- Opioid - Non-opioids - Glucocorticoids - Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
51
Kyphosis vs Lordosis
- Kyphosis== Excessive TS curvature (posterior direction) - Lordosis== Excessive CS/LS curvature (anterior direction)
52
Orthotics | LOOK UP and KNOW IT!!!
- EXT. device - provides support OR stabilization, - improves function, - corrects deformities, - distributes pressure from one area to another
53
LE amputations more/less common vs UE amps?
MORE!!! | PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE== PRIMARY ETIOLOGY
54
Components of UE Prosthetic | KNOW ALL!!!
1. Socket 2. Suspension 3. Elbow Unit 4. Wrist Unit 5. Terminal Device | Diff amongst each
55
Components of LE Prosthetic | KNOW ALL!!!
1. Socket 2. Suspension 3. Knee 4. Shank 5. Foot | K-lvls and Rx!!!
56
Pot complications s/p amputation
- Contractures - DVTs - Hypersensitivity - Neuroma - Phantom limb/Phantom pain - Psycho. impact - Wound infx
57
Common Gait Deviations w/ Prosthesis
- Lateral Bending - Vaulting - Forwrd trun flexion - Med/Lat whip - Abducted or Circumducted gait - Excess knee flex during stance - Rotation of forefoot @ heel strike | See Table P. 144-145

NPTE PREP (Josh) (13 decks)

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