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NPTE PREP (Josh) > MSK-Essentials > Flashcards

MSK-Essentials Flashcards

1
Q

Body’s 3 sources of ATP
AKA Energy Systems

A
  1. ATP-PC (Phosphagen) System
  2. Anaerobic Glycolysis (Lactic Acid) System
  3. Aerobic (Oxygen) System
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2
Q

ATP-PC System

Think HIGH int, SHORT duration

A
  • ATP prod during HIGH int, SHORT duration ex.
  • Time= 15s

Ex. Sprinting 100m

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3
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System

Think HIGH int, SHORT duration, but longer vs ATP-PC

A
  • ATP during HIGH int, SHORT duration acts
  • Time= 30-40s

Ex. Sprinting 400 or 800m

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4
Q

Aerobic System

Think LOW int, LOOOONG duration

A
  • ATP during LOW int, LOONG duration acts
  • ATP production FAR greater, BUT reqs complicated series of chem rxns

Ex. Running a marathon

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5
Q

Motion occurs in 3 Cardinal Planes: Name them
Around 3 Axes: Name them

A
  • Frontal, Sagittal, Transverse
  • A-P (frontal), Med-Lat (sagittal), Vertical (transverse)
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6
Q

Common Jt Receptors?
(5)

A
  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Golgi lig endings
  3. Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
  4. Pacinian corpuscles
  5. Ruffini endings

LOOK THESE UP!!!

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7
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs
(GTOs)

Remember Tendons sensitive to Tension

A
  • Encapsulated sensory receptors (in tendons) sensitive to TENSION
  • esp when produced by active mm contracts****
  • Transmit info about TENSION or RATE of CHANGE of tension w/in mm
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8
Q

Type I MM Fibers

*Endurance fibers

A
  • Aerobic
  • Red
  • Tonic
  • SLOW-Twitch
  • SLOW-oxidative

endurance

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9
Q

Type II MM Fibers

2-Fast, POWER

A
  • Anaerobic
  • White
  • Phasic
  • FAST-Twitch
  • FAST-Glycolytic
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10
Q

MM Spindles

IN MUSCLE BELLY….think LENGTH

A
  • T/o belly of mm
  • Send info to NS about MM LENGTH or RATE of CHANGE of length
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11
Q

UE

Shoulder Complex

Joints?

A
  • GH
  • SC
  • AC
  • Scapulothoracic (not true jt)
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12
Q

UE

Elbow Complex

Joints?

A
  • Radiohumeral
  • Ulnohumeral
  • Proximal Radioulnar
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13
Q

LE consists of: (4)

A

Hip, Knee, Ankle/foot

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14
Q

Knee Jt

A

Tibiofem
Patellofem

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15
Q

Hip Jt

A

Synovial jt: head of femur + acetabulum

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16
Q

Ankle/Foot formed by:

A

Distal tibiofibular, talocrural, subtalar, midtarsal, forefoot

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17
Q

CS/TS/LS vertebrae

A

CS= 7
TS= 12
LS=5

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18
Q

UQS/LQS consists of: @min…

A
  • posture
  • ROM
  • resistive testing (myos)
  • reflexes
  • dermatomes
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19
Q

Body composition: and ranges

A
  • relative %of bw comprised of fat
  • Men= 12-18%
  • Women= 18-23%
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20
Q

Common methods to assess body comp:

A
  • hydrostatic (GOLD STD.) (water)
  • plethysmography (air)
  • skinfold
  • BMI (ht/wt)
  • bioelectric imp.
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21
Q

LOOSE-packed pos of jt:

A

MIN stress on jt, MIN jt congruency, MIN lig laxity.

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22
Q

CLOSE-pack pos of jt:

A

MAX stress, FULL jt congruency, MAX lig tightness

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23
Q

End-Feel

A

Type of resist felt when PASSIVELY moving jt thru END-ROM
-Firm, Hard, or soft can all be normal OR abnormal depending on the joint
- Empty==ALWAYS abnormal

24
Q

Active Insuff vs Passive Insuff

A
  • Active== when 2-jt mm contracts across BOTH jts simultaneously (MAX shortened)
  • Passive== when 2 jt mm LENGTHENED over both jts simultaneously (MAX lengthened)
25
Q

Standard gait term:

A
  • Heel Strike-> Foot Flat-> Midstance-> Heel off-> Toe off-> Accel-> Midswing-> Decel
26
Q

RLA Gait terms:

I Love Many Types of Pussy In My Tesla*

A

ISw-> LR-> MSt-> TSt-> PSw-> ISw-> MSw-> TSw

27
Q

Gait: Stance vs Swing

A

St= 60%
Sw= 40%

28
Q

STEP length vs STRIDE length

A
  • STEP= Dist bw Rt heel strike and Left heel strike
  • STRIDE= Dist bw Rt heel strike and the next Rt heel strike
29
Q

Special Tests

Biceps Tendon Patho

A
  • Ludingtons (arms behind head one)
  • Speeds
  • Yergason’s (You’re OUT)
30
Q

Special Tests

RTC patho/impairs/Impingement

A
  • Drop Arm Test
  • ER lag
  • Belly Press, Lift off test
  • Empty can/Full can
  • Hawkins-Kennedy (impinge)
  • Neer’s (Impinge)
  • Supraspinatus test?
31
Q

Special Tests

Hip

Contractures, Tightness,

A
  • Ely’s (He LIES prone)
  • Ober (TFL/ITB)
  • Piriformis (S/L one)
  • Thomas Test (rec fem, iliopsoas, ITB)
  • Tripod sign look up
  • 90-90 SLR test
32
Q

Special Tests

ACL (knee)

A
  • Anterior Drawer
  • Lachman (30deg knee flex and 0)
  • Lateral Pivot
33
Q

Special Tests

Meniscus (knee)

A
  • Apley’s compression/distraction
  • Bounce home test?
  • McMurray
  • 5 part cluster: click/pop, pain flex, pain ext, pain w/ palpation, +McMurray
34
Q

Joint Mobs

A
  • Grade I (pain) and Grade IV (ROM)= Small amp
  • Grade II (pain) and Grade III (ROM)= Lare amp
35
Q

Grade V manipulation (thrust)

A

SMALL amp, HIGH velocity thrust performed to snap adhesions at the limit of ROM

36
Q

Convex/Concave Rule:

VEX moving on CAVE

A
  • Roll and Slide (Glide) in OPPOSITE directions

NOTE: ROLL always goes in direction of long bone

37
Q

Convex/Concave Rule

CAVE moving on VEX

A

Roll and Slide (Glide) SAME direction

NOTE: Roll always goes w/ long bone direction

38
Q

ROM Ex’s

Purpose

A

Improve mobility of single joint

Includes PROM, AROM, AAROM

39
Q

ROM Ex’s typical progression:

A
  • BEGIN PROM bc does not req muscle contraction
  • PROGRESS to AROM (mm contract stress joint)
40
Q

Stretching Ex’s

Purpose

A
  • Improve mm flexibility by INC’ing extensibility of musculotendinous unit and connective tissues
41
Q

STATIC stretching

Explain

A

SAFEST form of stretching
- LOW int, LONG duration
- Greatest gains in extensibility

42
Q

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching

Purpose

A
  • Designed to improve mm flexibility
43
Q

Ballistic and Dynamic stretching

A

More often warm-up prior to initiating activity

44
Q

A Muscle is made up of what?

A

Several muscle fibers and the connective tissue layers that surround it (LOOK UP!)

45
Q

Resistive training programs

3 types of mvmts/types

A
  1. Isometric (no jt stress)
  2. Isotonic (conc/ecc)
  3. Isokinetic (conc/conc)
46
Q

Open Chain vs Closed Chain

A
  • Open chain== Dist segment moves freely in space
  • Closed chain== Body moving over a fixed distal segment
47
Q

Strength training parameters: Vol, Freq, Duration, Intensity vary according to _____

A

Desired goal of program (strength, endurance, power)

1-3= power, 3-5= strength, 8-12= hypertrophy, 15+= endurance

48
Q

Hip Precautions THA

PosteroLateral Approach

See MSK!!!

A

AVOID:
- hip flexion >90deg
- Adduction
- IR

49
Q

Common types of Fx’s

A
  1. Avulsion
  2. Closed
  3. Comminuted
  4. Compound
  5. Greenstick
  6. Non-union
  7. Stress
  8. Spiral
50
Q

Common Pharma agents for MSK Disorders:

LOOK UP!

A
  • Opioid
  • Non-opioids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
51
Q

Kyphosis vs Lordosis

A
  • Kyphosis== Excessive TS curvature (posterior direction)
  • Lordosis== Excessive CS/LS curvature (anterior direction)
52
Q

Orthotics

LOOK UP and KNOW IT!!!

A
  • EXT. device
  • provides support OR stabilization,
  • improves function,
  • corrects deformities,
  • distributes pressure from one area to another
53
Q

LE amputations more/less common vs UE amps?

A

MORE!!!

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE== PRIMARY ETIOLOGY

54
Q

Components of UE Prosthetic

KNOW ALL!!!

A
  1. Socket
  2. Suspension
  3. Elbow Unit
  4. Wrist Unit
  5. Terminal Device

Diff amongst each

55
Q

Components of LE Prosthetic

KNOW ALL!!!

A
  1. Socket
  2. Suspension
  3. Knee
  4. Shank
  5. Foot

K-lvls and Rx!!!

56
Q

Pot complications s/p amputation

A
  • Contractures
  • DVTs
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Neuroma
  • Phantom limb/Phantom pain
  • Psycho. impact
  • Wound infx
57
Q

Common Gait Deviations w/ Prosthesis

A
  • Lateral Bending
  • Vaulting
  • Forwrd trun flexion
  • Med/Lat whip
  • Abducted or Circumducted gait
  • Excess knee flex during stance
  • Rotation of forefoot @ heel strike

See Table P. 144-145

NPTE PREP (Josh) (13 decks)

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