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NUR 406 > CVA > Flashcards

CVA Flashcards

1
Q

cerebral vascular accident

A

problem with blood supply to brain

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2
Q

Risk factors

A

HTN, high cholesterol
Tobacco, diabetes
Birth-control, increased age, men
Sickle cell anemia
History TIA, a fib

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3
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

occlusion of cerebral artery
Due to thrombus, embolus

Darkened area on CT

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4
Q

Ischemia

A

decreased blood supply
Oxygen deprivation
Neurodeficits within one minute
Continued loss of supply – irreversible damage

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5
Q

Thrombotic cause of stroke

A

atherosclerosis – damage to endothelium, plaque forms, narrows vessel

Hypercoagulable state – inappropriate forming of clots

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6
Q

embolic cause of stroke

A

Cardiac- mural thrombus, A fib
Venus clot of atrial septum defect
Thrombus of vegetation valves

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7
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

hole leading to clot formation, moving from right to left atria

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8
Q

A fib cause

A

left atrial thrombus
Inability of atria to contract, ineffective pooling to blood, pooling, clot formation

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9
Q

penumbra

A

ischemic area that is still viable

goal- Salvage within three hours

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10
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding within brain parenchyma
Due to long, severe hypertension

can occur within minutes to hours
Can be due to aneurysm

larger area affected
Increased intracranial pressure with inflammation
Herniation

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11
Q

should you give anticoagulate hours to someone with a hemorrhagic stroke

A

No, I can make the bleeding worse

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12
Q

prognosis of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Due to age, location and size
How rapid the bleeding causes brain, distortion and shift

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13
Q

epidural hemorrhage

A

Due to skull fracture, arterial
Lots of bleeding, less severe injury

above Dura, under skull

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14
Q

subdural hemorrhage

A

Bridging veins
Brain moved within skull, vessels don’t
Rapid decline – severe injury
Can also be slow – 2 to 10 days

Below Dura

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15
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Between outer arachnoid and pia matter

Area filled with CSF – blood tinged
Rupture of cerebral aneurysms, anterior venous malformation

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16
Q

what is the most common type of aneurysm to rupture in the brain?

A

Barry aneurysm

17
Q

presentation of hemorrhage, stroke

A

30 to 60 years
Serious disabilities
Worst headache ever
Rapid change in LOC
Irritation of meninges – neck
rigidity, photophobia

18
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage care

A

Bedrest with sedation
** BP range
Surgical clipping
Prophylactic anticonvulsant
nimodipine
triple H – pressers, Colloids, hemodilution

19
Q

BEFAST

A

Balance – loss, HA, dizzy
Eyes – loss, pupils
Face– symmetry
Arm– weakness
Speech– difficulty
Time-call 911

20
Q

what is the first form of treatment for a stroke?

A

CT scan without contrast to exclude hemorrhage

Better in acute setting

21
Q

what type of procedure can be performed to remove a clot?

A

Penumbra procedure

22
Q

Left-sided brain consequences of stroke

A

More focused on analytics and communication

23
Q

Right sided consequences of stroke

A

More focused on shapes, art, music

24
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing
Evaluate risk for aspiration

25
Q

Motor and sensory deficits

A

Due to neglect
No sensory input from damage
Decreased muscle coordination

26
Q

Flaccidity

A

weakness, limpness
Contralateral side

27
Q

spasticity

A

Can cause contractures
Occurs within six weeks

28
Q

Visual disturbances

A

Contralateral field blindness
Homonymous hemianopia

29
Q

Aphasia

A

Language disability

30
Q

receptive aphasia

A

Able to communicate, difficulty understanding

31
Q

expressive aphasia

A

Difficulty speaking, able to understand

32
Q

Dysphasia

A

Impairment of speech

33
Q

dysarthria

A

Imperfect speech, use of incorrect words

34
Q

behavioral problems

A

increased emotional response
May underestimate own abilities
Slow reaction time
Hesitant and cautious
Apathetic, confused, disoriented

35
Q

What are other consequences that can occur from a stroke?

A

memory problems and depression

NUR 406 (19 decks)

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