CVD

Question 1

where does blood enter/exit heart

Answer 1

deoxy blood enters from SVC and goes to right atrium

oxy blood leaves from left ventricle thru aorta

Question 2

role of heart

Answer 2

-blood flow regulation
-maintain body temp
-disttribute o2 nutrients hormones in body
-

Question 3

systole vs diastole

Answer 3

systole = contraction/ heart pumping out blood
diastole - rest/relaxation and recieving blood

Question 4

3 components of vascular system

Answer 4

1. coronary (blood vessels, arteries )
2. cerebral (15% circulation)
3. splanchnic - liver, portal vein

Question 5

explain liver and portal vein importance

Answer 5

blood from GIT spleen and pancreas enter liver either via PV or hepatic artery

pv filters cleans blood

both leave via hepatic vein

Question 6

how much blood flow to liver does PV carry

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

4 structures of blood vessels

Answer 7

1. intima - inner layer, touch blood
2. media - 3 layers, thickest
3. adventitia - outer layer, strong, coats vessel
4. vasa vasorum- small arteries within blood vessels

Question 8

what is the adventitia layer made of

Answer 8

collagen
fibre
connnective tissue

Question 9

classifications of BV

Answer 9

artery
arteriole
capillaries
venule
vein

Question 10

average total blood volume

Answer 10

5.5-7.5L

Question 11

what is CO dependent on

Answer 11

SV and HR

Question 12

SNS and PNS effect on HR

Answer 12

SNS = increase HR
PNS= decrease HR

Question 13

MAP is affected by

Answer 13

CO and TPR

Question 14

major problems in CVD

Answer 14

1. constriction
2. blockage
3. leaks
4. contractile rhythm disruption

Question 15

arteriosclerosis is clasfised under what cvd problem

Answer 15

blockage

Question 16

artherosclerosis

Answer 16

disease of tunica intima in large mediu arteries

plaque build up with clot

Question 17

aneurysms

Answer 17

related to leaking issues
weak thin spots in vessels = burst = bleeding

Question 18

how can blood vessel leaks happens

Answer 18

anuerysms
valve malfucntion

Question 19

4 valves of the heart

Answer 19

1. tricuspid
2. pulmonary
3. mitral
4. aortic

Question 20

key areas of blockages or leakage

Answer 20

1. coronary = myocardial infarction= heart attacl
2. cerebral = cerbral vascular accident = stroke
3. spanchnic arteries = liver

Question 21

major classifications of CVD problems

Answer 21

1. coronoary artery disease
2. rheumatic heart
3. congestive heart failure
4. congential heart defects
5. cerebrovascular disease
6. peripeheral vascular disease

Question 22

what are 3 major issues of coronary heart disease

Answer 22

MI
arrythmias
angina

chd is caused by narrow or bloackage in vessels connecyed tp heart

Question 23

explain what MI is

Answer 23

-arethercoleriss + coronoary thrombosis
= blockage of blood flow to heart
=ischemia
=heart attack

Question 24

heart block

Answer 24

atria and ventricles beating contracting on diff rhythms

Question 25

vfib, tachy, brady

Answer 25

vifib- ventriles beating too fast = blood exiting heart affected
tachy= fast hr
brady- slow hr

Question 26

CHF

Answer 26

congestive heart failure
-damage to heart or LV
=compensatory mechansism of LV hypertrpohy
=change size and shape
=contractile force and units decreased
=cant pump blood out

Question 27

what are some additional issues caused by CHF

Answer 27

increased blood pressure and volume overload

Question 28

why so much na and h2o retention in CHF

Answer 28

valvles malfunction= blood remians in heart = decreased renal perfusion = renin angiotensis system activated = na h20 retention

Question 29

right ventricular HF vs left ventricular HF

Answer 29

right HF= lower or abdominal edema
left hf = pulmonary edema

Question 30

things that can happen in cerebrovascular disease

Answer 30

1. transient ischemic attacks
2. ishemic strokes
3. hemmorhagic strokes

Question 31

markers of arethrosclerosis?

Answer 31

lipoprotein a (transports lipids in blood)
fibrinogen levels
CRP (increases risk of plate formation and inflammation indicator)