CVD

Question 1

Also known as CORONARY HEART DISEASE, ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA, HEART DISEASE

Answer 1

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 2

It is the most common and prevailing CVD in the world

Answer 2

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 3

Is a condition in which there is an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the myocardium

Answer 3

CAD

Question 4

What is the goal treatment of CAD

Answer 4

Alter the atherosclerotic progression

Question 5

myocardial ___ is the amount of oxygen that the heart requires to function

Answer 5

demand

Question 6

Amount of oxygen provided to the heart by coronary arteries

Answer 6

Myocardial supply

Question 7

What are the non-modifiable risk factors of CAD

Answer 7

•Hereditary
•Genetics
•Gender: male>female until menopause, then equal risk
•Ethnic background: African Americans
•Age

Question 8

What are the modifiable risk factors of CAD?

Answer 8

•Hyperlipidemia
•Hypercholesterolemia
•Total serum cholesterol above 300 mg/dL
•Increased LDL and Decreased HDL
•Cigarrette smoking
•Substance abuse
•Stress
•HTN
•Diabetes

Question 9

Is a progressive disease ,characterized by the accumulation of the lipids and fibrous elements in the arterial blood vessel walls, which reduces blood flow to the myocardium.

Answer 9

Coronary Atherosclerosis/Atherosclerosis

Question 10

Gradually increase in size and may partially occlude the vessel lumina, thus limiting coronary flow and causing ischemia especially during exercise.

Answer 10

Stable Plaques

Question 11

Prone to ulceration or rupture even if there has been no significant impairment of coronary blood flow before the event.

Answer 11

Unstable plaques

Question 12

What formation can suddenly cut off blood supply to the heart muscle, resulting in acute myocardial ischemia.

Answer 12

Thrombus formation

Question 13

Smooth muscles proliferate and form a fibrous cap, which filled with lipid and inflammatory deposits called ____ or plaques.

Answer 13

Atheroma

Question 14

Intracellular lipid content of macrophages exceeds their capacity to maintain lipid homeostasis

Answer 14

FOAM cells

Question 15

The first visible sign of atherosclerosis

Answer 15

Yellow streak or patch of dead foam cells at the site of endothelial damage.

Question 16

True or False:

Myocardial ischemia develops if the supply of coronary blood cannot meet the demand of the myocardium for oxygen and nutrients.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the common causes of increased myocardial demand for blood?

Answer 17

*Tachycardia
*Exercise
*Hypertension (Hypertrophy)
*Valvular disease

Question 18

Myocardial cells become ischemic within ___ of coronary occlusion

Answer 18

10 seconds

Question 19

What is the medical term for Chest Pain?

Answer 19

Angina

Question 20

What is DVT

Answer 20

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Question 21

It is the most common syptom associated with CAD

Answer 21

Chest Pain

Question 22

A clinical syndrome that results from myocardial ischemia caused by inadequate myocardial blood and oxygen supply or an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand.

Answer 22

Angina Pectoris

Question 23

In Angina Pectoris, the pain is caused by ______ that irritates myocardial nerve fibers

Answer 23

The buildup of lactic acid or abnormal stretching of the ischemic myocardium

Question 24

It’s a normal way your body fuels your muscles when oxygen is in short supply.

Answer 24

Lactic Acid buildup

Question 25

Is produced when oxygen levels become low in cells within the areas of the body where metabolism takes place or in response to sympathetic overactivity related to epinephrine-type substances or exercise.

Answer 25

Lactic Acid

Question 26

Also called exertional angina

Answer 26

Stable angina

Question 27

Usually has a stable pattern of onset, duration, severity, and relieving factors

Answer 27

Stable angina

Question 28

Also called preinfarction angina - associated with acute coronary insufficiency

Answer 28

Unstable angina

Question 29

Occurs in an unpredictable degree or exertion or emotion and increases in occurrence, duration, and severity in time -- last longer than 15 mins.

Answer 29

Unstable angina

Question 30

Symptoms of worsening cardiac ischemia - not relieved with nitroglycerin.

Answer 30

Unstable angina

Question 31

What are the patterns of Angina?

Answer 31

•Variant angina •Silent ischemia •Intractable ischemia

Question 32

Patterns of angina: Also called Prinzmetal's orvasospastic angina, results from coronary artery spasm and almost exclusively occurs at rest.

Answer 32

Variant angina

Question 33

Patterns of Angina: Objective evidence of ischemia (as evidenced by ECG changes during stress test) but patient reports no pain.

Answer 33

Silent ischemia

Question 34

Patterns of Angina: Severe, incapacitating chest pain

Answer 34

Intractable angina

Question 35

Patterns of angina: Also may occur in some individuals during mental stress and anger

Answer 35

Silent ischemia