CVS 1 Haemodynamics

Question 1

Haemodynamics meaning

Answer 1

Physical factors that control blood flow

Question 2

What is serum?

Answer 2

Plasma without clotting factors

Question 3

What is fluid collected from clotted blood called?
Describe the composition after centrifuging

Answer 3

Serum

COMPOSITION
Serum
Clot

Question 4

What is fluid collected from unclotted blood called?
Describe the composition after centrifuging

Answer 4

Plasma

COMPOSITION
Plasma
Buffy coat - WBCS + platelets
RBCS

Question 5

What can change whole blood viscosity?

Answer 5

Polycythemia - increased RBC
Thrombocytopenia- increased platelets
Leukaemia- increased WBCs

Causes sludgey thick blood

Question 6

What can cause min changes to whole blood viscosity?

Answer 6

Acute phase plasma proteins
E.g. fibrinogen, compliment , C reactive protein

Question 7

What is C reactive protein an indicator of?

Answer 7

Inflammation

Question 8

Flow meaning and units

Answer 8

Volume of blood transferred per time unit

mL/min

Question 9

What does total flow equal?

Answer 9

Cardiac output

Question 10

Pressure meaning and units

Answer 10

Force per unit area
mmHg for blood pressure

Question 11

How are flow and resistance related?

Answer 11

Reciprocally

Question 12

Resistance meaning

Answer 12

Measure of difficulty of flow

Question 13

Types of blood flow

Answer 13

Laminar
Turbulent

Question 14

Describe laminar flow

Answer 14

Smooth
Silent
Maintains energy
Typical in most vessels

Question 15

Describe turbulence flow

Answer 15

Disorganised
Noisy
Energy lost

Question 16

Stenosis meaning

Answer 16

Abnormal discrete narrowing of an artery/open area of heart valve

Question 17

What can be felt and heard in turbulent flow?

Answer 17

Thrill can be felt
Bruit can be heard

Question 18

What is the relationship between radius and velocity?

Answer 18

Reciprocally
If radius decreases, velocity increases

Question 19

Where do you get turbulent flow?

Answer 19

Changing direction of vessels-branching
Stenosed artiery
Stenotic heart valves

Question 20

What factors impact flow?

Answer 20

Diameter- most important
Length of vessel
Viscosity

Question 21

Pulse pressure equation

Answer 21

PP= SBP - DBP

Question 22

Mean arterial pressure equation

Answer 22

MAP= DBP + (SBP-DBP)/3

same as

MAP= DBP + PP/3

Question 23

Meaning of
PP
SBP
DBP
MAP
CO
SV
HR
TPP

Answer 23

Pulse pressure
Systolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Heart rate
Total peripheral pressure

Question 24

What happens if MAP is <70mmHg?

Answer 24

Organ perfusion becomes imparid

Question 25

Perfusion meaning

Answer 25

Passage of blood

Question 26

Cardiac output equation

Answer 26

CO= SV x HR

Question 27

Mean arterial pressure equation

Answer 27

MAP= CO x TPP

Question 28

What do you listen for when measuring blood pressure?

Answer 28

Korotkoff sounds - tapping sound

Question 29

What happens to BP reading if cuff size if too small?

Answer 29

Overestimate

Question 30

What happens to BP reading if cuff size if too big?

Answer 30

Underestimate

Question 31

How should patient be sat when measuring BP?

Answer 31

Legs uncrossd Feet on ground

Question 32

Pulse meaning

Answer 32

Shock wave that arrives slightly before blood itself

Question 33

Types of rhythm

Answer 33

Regular Regularly irregular Irregularly irregular

Question 34

Regular rhythm

Answer 34

Lub dub sound

Question 35

Regularly irregular rhythm

Answer 35

Abnormal beat with a repeated pattern

Question 36

Irregularly irregular

Answer 36

Abnormal beat and no pattern E.g. atrial fibrillation

Question 37

Bradycardia meaing

Answer 37

Slow heart rate <60bpm

Question 38

Tachycardia meaning

Answer 38

Fast heart rate >100bpm

Question 39

Types of pulse character

Answer 39

Thready Bounding pulse

Question 40

Thready pulse meaning

Answer 40

Weak pulse End systolic pressure is lower

Question 41

Bounding pulse meaning

Answer 41

Strong pulse Diastolic pressure is lower

Question 42

Common pulse location

Answer 42

Radial Brachial Carotid Femoral Popliteal Dorsalis pedis Posterior tibial

Question 43

Explain taking manual BP

Answer 43

1- inflate cuff to ~20mmHg over suspected systolic reassure 2- slowly deflate cuff 3- systolic pressure - when first sound is heard 4- diastolic pressure - when sound disappears