CVS Flashcards
1
Q
what is crista terminalis
A
ms ridge that runs from the SVC > IVC entrance
2
Q
Wt is Eustaciahn v
A
IVC valve»_space;» hooked up to the RA
3
Q
Wt is the main draining v of the heart
A
Coronay sinus»_space; RA near the TV
4
Q
multiple cardiac lipoma ass w/?
A
TS.
PET HOT
arrythimia »_space;> rare VS lipomatous hypertrophy
5
Q
PDA supplies
A
inferior wall of the left ventricle
inferior part of the septum.
6
Q
rhabdomyoma Px
A
ones with TS regress
no TS»_space; does not regress
Loc: LV
angisarc: RA
7
Q
MCL of cardiac fibroma
A
IV spetum
8
Q
2nd mcc of 1ry CVS tumor in adult
A
fibroelastoma
9
Q
MCC of intracardiac mass
A
thrombus
10
Q
mcc of mets
A
lung
melanoma
11
Q
study of choice for CA aneurysm/ kawasaki
A
cath angio
12
Q
Mx of interarterial lipoma
A
no Mx
13
Q
Wt is subaortic membrane
A
it is a membrane prox to the AV. results in obstruction of LVOT. RX> resection. can recur.
ass/ CHD: VSD, PDA amd Coarch
leads to increased afterload, increas MR, decrease EF. no impact on inotrope
14
Q
what is EF?
A
EDV-ESV/EDV X100
15
Q
what is cardiac myocardial mass ?
A
epicardial myocardial vol - enodcardial myocardial vol/X specific myocardium density.
= 1.05g/ml
16
Q
what defines DCM?
A
LV > 5.5 cm
hetrogenous WT and wall thinning
variable LGE
preserved RV vol
17
Q
AR dynamic
A
Increased preload > increased SV > increased LV size.
Increased afterload to eject extra blood.
loss of isovolumetric phase
18
Q
changes in LesMills athelets
A
RV, LA, LV dil and increased myocardial mass
19
Q
what is the 1ry determent of AS Sx?
A
S&S. not the surface area
20
Q
what is mild AS?
A
> 1.5 cm2
vel: 2.0-2.9 m/sec
gradient: < 20 mmHg
21
Q
what is mod AS?
A
- 1.5 - 1.0 cm2
- 3.0 - 3.9 m/sec
- 20.0 - 39.0 mmHg
22
Q
what is sever AS
A
< 1.0 cm2
> 4.0 m/sec
> 40 mmHg
23
Q
MCC of PS?
A
cong > 95%. isolated
TOF
24
Q
RHD ass w/
A
MS
AS.
Bicuspid AV»_space; AS
25
what is classic Myxom. MV?
proplase > 2 mm beyond the annular plane.
thickening of the leaflet
non-classic: no thickness
26
Wt is MV Flail leaflet ?
rupture of the leaflet into > LA. 2/2 to pap. ms or chorida tendinous rupture.
27
TAVI comp?
LBBB
28
what is normla MV orifice area
4-6 cm2.
| < 1cm >>> sever MS
29
valve prosthesis MR saftey
safe if T< 1.5
30
DDX of sinotubular junction DDX
```
1- Marfans
EHD syn
homoscytinuria
OI
Loeyes Dietz syn
```
31
does MV annulart calc results in valv dysfun or Cl S&S
NOOOOOO
32
how does carcniod syn affect valves
tethering
thickining
retraction
and DECREASED movement.
33
what is the size for endovascular access sheeth for TAVI ? in the periphral vessels
minimal 6-8 mm
34
MCC of ASCENDING Ao aneurysm
ATH.
MS >>> sinotubular ectasia. they look differ than aneurysm
35
rapid progression of aneurysm seen w/
myocotic
36
what is the most diseased portion of the Ao in dissection
media
37
when do you treat pulm AVM?
> 3mm
38
MCC pul. v variant anatomy ?
common LT pul. v trunck
39
what is 1st line Rx of pt with SVC obstruction
stenting
40
in pt w/ Marfan's syndrome wt size of the Ao that meet Sx indication?
> 5 cm
41
MC tupe of dissection ?
type A.
| type B: from BCA !!!
42
failure of the LT ant cardinal v to involute results in ?
Lt SVC which drains into the LR throug v. of Marshell
43
GRE seq cons ?
use to create Bright blood seq but it is very Sn to suspeticbity >> over estimate regional blood flow
44
mangement of anomalous CA?
RT > Sx if S&S
LT >> SX
other concerning features>> slit like, acute angle, anomalous is the dominant one, intramural one
45
Ebstien anomaly result from ?
1- the septal or the post. leaflet is inadequately separated or inadequately separated from chorda tendina.
46
how to differ Takayasu and GCA?
both are granulomatous vasculitis and large-mid vessels vasculitis >> results in great vessels, CA PA involvement
naroowing not anueyrum
age is the differ
47
2nd mc 1ry cardiac tum ?
lipoma
48
painful blue LL edema??
2/2 RF >> IVC thrombosis
49
TAPVR
supracardiac> drains to BCV
cardiac > common v > RA or cornary sinus
infradarciac > IVC or ductus v
50
how to tell it is LIMA graft?
look for SCA conncection
51
Rx of renal HTN 2/2 to ATH
medical. not angio or stent
52
Wt is the arc of Rilion ?
collateral from IMA to occluded SMA
53
short axis view is ?
perpendicular to the long axis of the heart/ 4 chamber views
54
prosepective
R wave
| more susoptiable to HR variability & motion
55
what meds used in LBBB and perfusion study
adenosine >> antidote: theophylline
ragadonson >> gd safety profile
dyprimadole
avoid: exc. dobutamine, arbutamine >> +ve iontropic agent
56
any cardiac valve or annuloplasty are MRI safe/unsafe?
SAFE
57
Wt is the normal size of the CEA?
up to 1.7 cm in male,
1.5 , female
> that >>> ectasia
58
Normal Av. orifice?
3-4 cm2
| MCC of AS in USA >> age related degeneration
59
best seq to eval CVS anatomy?
black blood seq = FSE
bright blood = GRE
SSFP >> cine >> function. ( higher SNR, CNR, faster acquisition time than standard GRE)
60
how to orient phase encoding img to measure velocity and flow?
alz perpendicular to the flow
61
MC site of sinus of valsalva aneurysm?
Rt > noncornary > LT
62
myocardial LGE thickness ?
< 50% revsculrize
| > 50%: medical Rx
63
optimal way to do myocard perfusion MR?
w/o
2nd option: ragadonson
64
MV annular calc ass w/?
a marker for increased CA calc
65
Wondering v?
common pul. v drains all Pul. v >> LA
66
Scimitar syn ass w/?
absence of IVC
horseshoe lung
CHD
A+ supply to lung
67
Loffler enodcarditis LGE pattern ?
uniform subendo LGE
68
MC comp of MI?
myocardial remodeling
69
Most SN study to detect MI?
MR LGE
70
fibroma loc?
IV spetum and lat LV wall
71
MS staging
= AS
72
hibernating vs stunned myocard ?
BOTH no contractility and normal FDG uptake
hiberanting >> no perf
stunned >> normal perf
73
DDx of nodular LGE?
amylodosis
sarc
myocarditis.
Excpet: HOCM
74
microvascular obstruction best seen on ?
1st 25 sec, early
75
DiGeorge ass w/?
Trucus, VSD, TOF, pul atresia
76
PAPVR ass w/
sinus venosus
77
another name for ALCAPSA
White garland syn
presents 1-2 mo
78
transmural if ?
> 50%
79
Rx of adeniod cytic ca?
Sx + Rx
M = F
2nd MC trach ca
mucoepidermiod involves bronchi more
80
PV stenosis MC ass w/
AF ablation
81
MC of TR
RV dil not IE
82
myocardial rupture timing post MI?
1st three D
83
DCIS stage?
0
84
Hematoma BIRAd
I 2 or 4 !!! If FU indicated
85
temporal resolution =
rotation speed / 2
= TR X views per set
86
multiseg recons
when the HR goes up
can be used w/ low pitch only
improves temp res
87
what is curved planer reform
AKtay fav
see the vessel along its long axis
can result in motion artifact or pseudo lesion
88
relationship of SAR and T and flip angle
double T, or Flip angle, or TR >>>> 4X SAR
89
in SSFP?
Lm = Tm
90
what is parallel imaging?
using multiple PEG steps to reduce scan time
might result in K space missing info >> interpolation
91
in RS study ?
modified mAs is used >> low dose in sys but enough to calc fun
high dose in diastole >> to eval CA
92
MX of LAD w/ myocardial bridging?
BB to decrease after load
93
indication for graft bypass?
RCA stenosis > 70%
| LCA > 50%
94
ATH plaque w/ high RF for rupture?
```
+ve remodeling
low HU
ulceration
spotty calc
fatty
```
95
Mx of CA stent?
drug eluting stent > AC for a yr
| bare metal stent > AC X 1 mo
96
adenosine dose for perfusion?
140ug/kg/min
97
ARVD criteria
1- RV wall motion ab
2- RV EF < 40%
3- RV EDV > 110ml/m2
no fatty infil
98
Mx of con pericardial?
Sx
but con mayo >>> medical
99
MX of noncompaction LV?
HTx.
arrhythmia meds, AC, ICD
MCC of death>>arrthemia
100
T2* in hemochromatosis
< 20msec
| if sever < 10 msec
101
Takabousu CM?
```
acute reversible HF
basal hyperkinesia
apical akinesia
negative cath
could be life threatening 2/2 HF, arrhythmia,shock
Mx: symptomatic
```
102
Mx of HOCM?
low risk pt: BB, CCB >> reduce risk of death
high risk pt: FHX of sudden death, LGE >> ICD
ACEI, nifidpine, nitrates >> CI >> decrease afterload
LGE means >> ab cell web >> necrosis >> arrhythmia >> sudden death
103
Constrictive myocarditis def?
normal LV size. normal sys fun
low LV, RV compliance\
biatrial enlargement
prominent early diastolic filling but small late one
104
MC of 2ry infiltrative DCM?
amyoldosis
involves all the heart
CI for HTx
105
MCC of HTx in adult and kids?
DCM
106
MCC of DCM in infant?
idio
| inborn error of met
107
MCC of DCM in kids?
NM dys
| myocarditis
108
earliest S&S of Chagas diz?
conduction ab
109
Mx of rhabdomyoma?
FU, will regress
| but fibroma >> HTx why >> you can't respect that big mass
110
SGV aneurysm loc?
RCA
pay attention to sternotomy changes
no uptake in PET
111
comp of IE AV?
```
conduction ab
chordal rupture
aneurysm of the valve
abscess
no AS
```
112
sever MS might result in ?
PV waveforms blunting
113
MCL of rhabdomyoma
LV
114
RHD app
thickening, calc, and fissures fusion of the MV and AV might involve chordae and pap ms
115
indicator of MS severity
MV surface area # AS severity
it leads to P.HTN >> decrease flow across PA
116
how manage valves and MR?
they are safe < 1.5 T
| wait 6-8 for newly weakly magnetic placed valves
117
why pericardial thickness is overestimated in MR?
chemical shift artifact
motion
limited SR
118
CI of ASD closure device?
small secundum, no HD sig
primum
no enough roof > sinus venous or unroofed etc.
HD sig = Qp/Qs> 2
119
MCC of ASD device comp?
device embolization or malpositioning
arrthymeia
erosion
AF
SVT
120
Ms of unroofed CS?
none unless HD sig
| connection between RA and LA
121
Mx of VSD?
membranous won't go spontaneous closure
ms VSD > spontaneous
BOTH >> needs IE prophylactic ABx
122
Mx of similar?
if HD sig >> Sx
left > right shunt
but other single PAPVR > no Rx
123
what is Senning/ Mustard ?
Both are atrial switch
Mustard ass w/ resection of the atrial septum
SVC and IVC >> LA, LV >> PA
PV >> RA, RV > Ao
botha are inferior to Arterial switch 2/2 arythemia
124
TA ass w/?
tricuspid or quadricuspid valve.
125
quadricuspid AV ass w/
AR
126
what is ROSS procedure?
PV > AV
prosthetic > PV
127
Ebstein valve morphology?
ant leaflet sail sign
apically orineted
ass/w ASD secundum
ass w/ BNZ
128
Mx of anomalous RCA or LCA w/ malignant course?
if pt is old do stress test only
if young >> Sx
129
comp of baffle procedures : sending/ mustard?
baffle leak, obstruction
arrythemia
RV dysfunction >> RV is not meant to bear sys pressure
TR
130
MCL of sinus of Vals?
Rt and noncornary cusp. >> rupture >> RV > RA
131
1st line Mx of SVC obstruction?
stenting
132
BLOOD SUPLLY OF THE PAP ms
anteriolat > LAD and LCx. two vessels > less risk of rupture
postmedial >> RCA >> more risk of rupture 2/2 MI
133
TI in STIR?
330 msec
134
TAPVR ass w/
TV atresia
| Asplenia
135
MCC ass defect w coarcatation
Bicuspid
136
Leaflet
B/l thrombus
| TI needs to be long to detect thrombus
137
TI for amylodosis
350 msec
Normally 200 Msec
