peds MA Flashcards
1
Q
nonrotation
A
RT: SB. LT: LB b( similar to post ladd band)
180 degree rotation only.
Rx; Sx IF S&S
2
Q
Intussuption
A
adult: 90% mechanical
3
Q
Intussuption
A
both air & water reduction can be used. air: cleaner, safer, less rad. try 3-5 times/3-5 min each.
4
Q
malrotation
A
volvulus/ 1st mo.
short mesentry RF for intermittant/partial vol and early ppt
5
Q
1ry mega ureter
A
aperistlatic segment of the ut. RX: proph ABX. if recurrant UTI: SX
6
Q
Muconium plug
A
premature. DX. MG sulfate. contrast enema is Dx and RX
7
Q
HPS measurement
A
outer to the inner edges of the muscular layer. ONLY MS
8
Q
bowel rotation
A
90 clockwise, then 270 counterclockwise
9
Q
SG teratoma
A
- arise from the coccyx. CALC ++.
- RARELY invade the spinal canal or cause bony destruction.
- < 2YO: 10% malg. >2yo: 90% malg.
10
Q
windsock deformity
A
- DU diverticulum
- DU web
look up pic
11
Q
Imperforated anus fistula with
A
- all imp. anus has fistula
- all low ones > w/ perineum
- high ones: M: Bl/ urethra. F: vagina/vestibule
12
Q
mcc of non adenxal tumor in female kids
A
Rhabdomyosarcoma
13
Q
HP diz ass w/
A
Tri21.
Esoph dysmotility
NB.
14
Q
Carneys complex
A
myxoma endocrine ab. skin pig shawanoma calc testicular mass
15
Q
carney traid
A
Pul. chondroma
GIST
extradrenal parag
16
Q
enteric duplication study nuke study
A
Tc=99 per ( mekle scan) +ve gastric mucosa
17
Q
hepatoblastoma ass w/
A
Beckwith weidman GSD Gardner FAP Tri18
18
Q
NEC acute MX
A
free air: Sx
no free air: rest, ABX, AXR
19
Q
NEC long term MX
A
enema to eval for stricture
20
Q
Chonal atresia
A
90% bony.
DiGoerge. CHARGE. Fetal Etoh syn.
21
Q
piriform aperture stenosis ASS W/
A
chonal atresia mega incisor small triangular hard palate/ defect CC agnesis, holoproscnchepahly H-P-A ab
22
Q
Ca in TGD cyst
A
PTC.
the cyst is ANT. to hyiod bone. can be paramedine. mass effect on thyriold lobe .
23
Q
neck mass dil with valsalva
A
phlebectasia
24
Q
MMC H&N CONG mass in infancy
A
Hemang ( start 6 mo ) involute 6-10 yr
NO RX.
B-blocker if needed
25
MMC H&N mass in infancy
FC of SCM.
4 wk.
no calc
26
MMC mass in the masticator space.
| MMC malg in extra ocular space in kids
RM sarc
27
MMC B9 orbital lesion in kids
dermoid. PIC plz
28
MMC mass in the tarcch
SG hemang. LT > RT
29
MMC of death in premature
SSD.
30
CLD vs PIE
TIME
PIE: 1 wk
CLD= BPD = 3 wk. low vol.
31
IL seq vs EL
IL: adult, mmc one, LLL. PNA.
EL: infancy. less common. RS compromise. ass w/ anomalies.
they look cystic, high on T2. hetro. could be Sub diagh or RP
32
Rx of CPAM and CLE
Sx
33
Neonatal atypical peripheral atelectasis
periphral, upper lobe.
34
PBL ass w/
MLCN
brain, bone mets
1-2 YO
< 1 YO >>> cystic
35
MMC ant, med mass in kids
1st lymph HL.
| 2nd teratoma
36
MMC mass in the post. med < 10
NB
37
TEF mmc one
type 1: N type
2nd: type 2: atresia only
H type is type 3
38
HPS
paradoxical aciduria.
look for GB as a landmark
39
meonium ileus
low T2 fluid
mottled app in AXR
calc in US
muconium filled pseudocyst ( calc )
40
appy
outer diamter
41
gastroschesis
oilgo. high AFP.
| gd outcome.
42
omphalocele ass w/
TRI 18 is the mmc one.
43
shawshman diamond syndrome
```
diarrhea
panc insuff
eczema
short
fatty panc
```
44
FL HCC on nuke
Ga-67 avid
| calc > HCC
45
Biliary atresia ass w/
Tri18. polysplenia
only extrahepatic atresia. prolif of the intra ones.
Kasai procedure then LTX.
46
Allegile synd
fatty liver. PA stenosis. no atresia
47
RT hetrotaxy
2 fissures
asplenia
IVC > LT.
CVS anomalies
48
LT hetrotaxy
one fissure. poly SP. azygous. less CVS
49
horseshow kid ass w/
TCC
carcniod
Wilms
50
MCC prenatal hydro.
| MCC Cong anomaly of GU in neanonate
UPJ obs.
51
neonatal RVT
maternal DM
| Kid is big
52
neonatal RAT
UAC >> sever HTN
53
NB orders
Ad > RP > P. med
54
MMC of Idiopathic scrotal edema
HSP
55
PJS + testicular mass
Sertoli.
| can present with burned out tumor. calc
56
AML ass w/
NF
TS
VHL
F:M: 4:1
57
both renal agensis and CF ectopia
M>F
58
spinning top urethra
bladder contraction > increse Ur sphincter tone > voiding dysfun.
look up pic
59
Clear cell sarcoma
2 YO. male.
hilum.
mmc mets to ipsilat hilum. bone > lung.
CTX SX.
60
Most relaible predictor factor in CDH
liver heniation.
worse Px: RT, liver heniation, lung volume
61
MMC of Round PNA
S. pneumonia
5-12 YO.
FU CXR. not CT.
62
Hallar index
MAX TRV diam/ AP dima of the chest. WNL 2.5. > 3.5 > Sz
assess severity of pectus excavatum.
Sx; Nuss procedure: retro sternal
63
Poland Syn mc ass w/
Syndactyl
64
Intracranial lipoma ass w/
ACC.
ACC > CC hypoplasia
65
When Pineal G. ca
> 7 YO > WNL
< 7 YO Ca ??
66
MMC pineal mass in children
tectal plate glioma
67
MMC pineal masses in adult
glioma
| meningoma
68
MMC S&S of TS
CNS
2nd GU
ass w/ ADPKD. RCC
69
MX of V of galen AVM
Rx CHF. and Emblization.
70
MCL of EG in kids
Skull
Adult: ribs
71
MMC of B9 H&N ca
JNA
72
MML of TGD cyst
INFRAHYOID
73
Caudal regression syndrome ass w
maternal DM
polyhydro
anal atresia
74
OM < 4 YO pathogen
Kingella Kingae >> attack cartilage
little BM edema
75
ALL Lat Condyler fracture type
SH IV..
MMC 5-10 YO
76
Chronic recurrant multifocal OM CRMO
children.
| Long bones, metaphysis. clavicle. BM edema. lytic lesions on XRAY.
77
CRMO ass diz
```
WG.
IBD.
Takaysu
Pyderma gangrnosa
Psorasis
Majeed
SAPHO syndrome
```
78
OSD of the Capitllaum
seen in the throwers. Radial head subluxation.
79
MC fracture = Bucket handle #
shearing forces
80
NAT protocol
```
AP of UL. LL
AP, lat, Obl of chest
AP Abd
AP and lat: skull
LAt Lumber
```
81
Anomalies associated with extralobar sequestration
```
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragm eventration
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
Bronchogenic cyst
Foregut duplication cysts
Pectus excavatum
```
82
the most common cause of acute testicular pain in children younger than 12
Test apge torsion. located btw Epi and sup testicle
Conservative management includes bed rest, scrotal elevation, ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics. The inflammation and pain usually resolve within one week.
83
A first branchial cleft cyst occurs where ?
adjacent to the parotid gland or near the external auditory canal,
84
MMC SH fracture
type II
type III, IV and V >> poor Px. needs Sx.
85
Sinding Larson Johnoson injury
Ch. traction injury of the Pattela tendon at the patella insertion.
In active kids and CP pt .
86
MC avulsion injury of the elbow
Medial epicondyle fractures
but mmc fractures Supracondyler > lat condyle > medial EPI.
87
MC disorder of the hip of growing children
transient synovitis.
small effusion. C+
88
Strongest independent Px factor for septic arthritis
CPR.
If Kocher triad > 2 >>> tap it. no MRI
CPR. WBC>12. fever. no wt bear
89
Celeray stralk DDx
CMV.
Rubella
Syphlilis
Osteopathia straita
90
Wimberger sign
Cong Syphliis. passage mark
destruction of the medial prox tibia metaphysis.
91
Caffey diz = infantile cortical hyperostosis
rare. self limited
STx swellwing. Periost reaction. irritabilioty.
Hot mandible on bone scan
92
physiologic periostitis of the new born
3 mo - 6 mo
femus then tibia
only diaphysis
93
renal mass > 8 YO
RCC
94
supracondyler humerus fracture with hyperfelxtion
ulnar nerve injury > FCU injury > poor wrist adduction and felxion
95
Guasher
```
HSM
AVN of femoral head
H-shaped VB.
bone infarcts
Erlenmeyer flask deformity o fth efemur
```
96
NF1 in MSK
ant bowing of the tibia or radius.
| Pseudo-arhtreosis of the ulnar or Fiblua
97
Type II PA sling ass w/
Trach stenosis
low lying carina T5-T6
T shaped Trachea
bridging broncus
98
type I Cong Extrahepatic Portosys shunt
```
absent PV
poly Sp
CHD
mal rotation
high in F
```
99
type II Cong Extrahepatic Portosys shunt
PV is present. less anomalies M = F
100
Circum aorta
cross CL side. post to TR and ESOP
A vascular ring > ligamentum arteriosum connects the descending aorta to the pulmonary artery.
101
MCC of distal VP shunt obstruction
CSF pseudocyst
102
Most SN and SP signs of raised ICH
flat post. globe
103
MCC CNS manifestation of LCH
D.I
104
supratentorial ependymoma
frontal lobe
paranchymal
very bright on T2. Cystic component
105
Semi lobar Holoprosencphaly
tempral lobe cleavage.
106
Lobar Holoprosencphaly
fusion of the frontal lobe. sepration of the T.L. presence
| of the splenium of CC
107
Mega Cisterna Magna
> 10 mm on prenatal US. look for the cerebeulm falx to differ from arachniod cyst
108
small left colon syndrome
a long filling defect extending from the descending to rectosigmoid colon, consistent with a meconium cast.
DM mom
premature infants.
109
Alexander disease.
extensive T2-hyperintense signal in the bifrontal white matter. The frontal involvement
macrocephaly
110
Canavan disease
diffuse involvement of the white matter.
macrocephaly
elevated NAA
111
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
involvement of the parieto-occipital white matter.
M>F
112
Krabbe disease
periventricular white matter with sparing the subcortical U-fibers
113
metachromatic leukodystrophy
a tigroid pattern of involvement of the periventricular and deep white matter.
most common hereditary leukodystrophy.
114
rhomboencephalosynapsis.
absence of the vermis with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres.
Aqueductal stenosis and ventriculomegaly, necessitating ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement.
115
Gastroschisis Dx when ?
cannot be diagnosed before 12 to 13 weeks gestational age, as physiologic gut herniation occurs from 8 weeks to approximately 10 to 11 weeks
- young maternal age.
116
Blount diz:
medial meniscus hypertrophy
medial tibial epiphyseal cartilage hypertrophy
117
FN brain death study
skull fracture
VP shunt
open fontanel
touniquent > FP study
118
Sturge-Weber
sporadic
make sure it is calc not vessels on NECT
119
Mueller-Weiss syndrome.
Osteonecrosis of the navicular in adults
Peds: Kohler
120
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations
most commonly seen as solitary lesions.
There is no gender predilection.
Hemorrhage is the most common presentation.
most commonly supratentorial, not infratentorial.
They may cause vascular steal and cerebral ischemia.
121
osteogenesis imperfecta on prenatal ultrasound include
long bone fractures, polyhydramnios, and the ability to compress the calvarium when pressure is applied.
Type II osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe form of the disease and is often lethal in utero. The severe hypomineralization of the calvarium is compatible with type II
122
Rx induced Cavernoma
15%
123
A duplicated collecting >> incontinence in ?
ncontinence in females. not male
| common cong anomaly
124
bladder exstrophy.
Bladder exstrophy is associated with an increased risk of bladder malignancy, which is usually adenocarcinoma. Bladder exstrophy is more common in males and is associated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the maternal quad screen. It may be suspected on fetal ultrasound when there is nonvisualization of the fetal bladder or a low-lying cord insertion; however, as low as 25% of patients with bladder exstrophy are diagnosed antenatally. Amniotic fluid volumes are typically normal in bladder exstrophy.
125
choroid plexus cyst.
trisomy 18.
The majority of choroid plexus cysts are benign and seen in isolation; however, they are often seen in tri18. Visualization of choroid plexus cysts in utero should prompt further evaluation for other abnormalities.
126
The perchlorate test
If iodine is not organified, giving perchlorate after I-123 serves as a competitive inhibitor and I-123 will “wash out." If organification is normal, there will not be substantial washout of I-123 from the thyroid after perchlorate is given.
127
Hepatoblastoma
associated with low birth weight.
Stage I disease typically has an excellent prognosis.
AFP is elevated in approximately 90%, not 50%, of cases.
Low AFP levels are associated with anaplastic histology and poor outcome.
Hepatoblastoma has a slight male predominance.
128
PHACE syndrome
```
posterior fossa malformations,
hemangiomas,
arterial anomalies,
coarctation of the aorta,
eye abnormalities.
```
129
The most common locations affected by rickets are
the distal femur, proximal tibia, distal radius and ulna, and anterior ribs.
130
nerve injury ass w/ flexion type supracondyler fracture
ulnar nerve >> FCU
week felxion & adduction
this injury happened from falling on elbow.
but FOOSH >> extension type supracondyler frcature >> brachial a injury
131
lissenchephaly RF
CMV, toxin, genetic
only 4 layers.
schiznecephaly have similar RF. ass w/ others
132
how to tell lissenchephaly from cortical band hetrotopia
lissenchephaly > male if double very close to each others
cortical band heterotopia > Female. the inner layer thicker than the cortical layer
133
what is Blake pouch cyst ?
inferior cyst results in upward and post rotation of the vermis\
normal vermis
normal torcula ( normal in mega CM and arachniud cyst)
falx cerebelli seen with mega CM not Arach cyst
134
central neurocytoma on MRI
bubbly
cystic
hge
calc
135
scurvey
subperiosteal hge
periosteal reaction
ab metaphdeal BM SI that resolves post Rx. low T1 high T2. bcz it is prone to tru 2/2 to collagen type I def
136
BG cyst loc
Mid or post med.
| no communication
137
V of galien malform consist of what
cholliodal a
| median prosenchepahlic v
138
what is b/l focal femoral deficiency ?
b/l short femur
abscent femoral epiph
suprolat disloc
139
double arotic arch ass w/
Rt dominance. low CHD
140
antismooth muscle antibody positive in ?
primary sclerosing cholangitis
141
least Sp typeof hge ass w/ NAI?
EDH
142
dominat interaction in CXR, AXR?
CS
143
mesoblastic nephroma paraneaplastic syn ?
High Ca and HTN
